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Questions and Answers
What was the initial name of the C++ programming language?
What was the initial name of the C++ programming language?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of C++?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of C++?
What is the purpose of the new and delete keywords in C++?
What is the purpose of the new and delete keywords in C++?
What is the syntax for declaring a variable in C++?
What is the syntax for declaring a variable in C++?
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What is the purpose of templates in C++?
What is the purpose of templates in C++?
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What is the name of the C++ standard released in 1998?
What is the name of the C++ standard released in 1998?
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Which of the following is a type of container in the C++ Standard Library?
Which of the following is a type of container in the C++ Standard Library?
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What is the purpose of the iostream header in the C++ Standard Library?
What is the purpose of the iostream header in the C++ Standard Library?
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What is the syntax for declaring a function in C++?
What is the syntax for declaring a function in C++?
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What is the purpose of the #include directive in C++?
What is the purpose of the #include directive in C++?
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Study Notes
History of C++
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s
- Initially called "C with Classes", later renamed to C++
- First released in 1985
- Standardized in 1998 (C++98) and updated in 2011 (C++11), 2014 (C++14), and 2017 (C++17)
Features of C++
- Object-oriented programming: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism
- Statically typed: explicit type declarations, compile-time type checking
- Compiled language: code is translated to machine code before execution
-
Low-level memory management: manual memory allocation and deallocation using
newanddelete - Templates: generic programming, compile-time evaluation
Syntax and Basics
-
Variables: declared with
type name;syntax, e.g.,int x; - Operators: arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, etc.
- Control structures: if-else statements, switch statements, loops (for, while, do-while)
-
Functions: declared with
return-type name(parameters);syntax, e.g.,int add(int a, int b); -
Arrays: declared with
type name[size];syntax, e.g.,int arr[5]; -
Pointers: declared with
type* name;syntax, e.g.,int* p;
C++ Standard Library
- Containers: vector, list, map, set, etc.
- Algorithms: sort, search, count, etc.
- Input/Output: iostream, istream, ostream, etc.
- Strings: string, wstring, etc.
- Utilities: tuple, pair, etc.
Memory Management
- new: allocate memory on the heap
- delete: deallocate memory on the heap
- Smart pointers: unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr (introduced in C++11)
- RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization): managing resources using objects with destructors
Advanced Topics
- Templates: template metaprogramming, SFINAE (Substitution Failure Is Not An Error)
- Move semantics: rvalue references, move constructors, move assignment operators (introduced in C++11)
- Lambda expressions: anonymous functions, closures (introduced in C++11)
- Synchronization: threads, mutexes, condition variables, atomic operations (introduced in C++11)
History of C++
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s
- Initially called "C with Classes", later renamed to C++
- First released in 1985
- Standardized in 1998 (C++98) and updated in 2011 (C++11), 2014 (C++14), and 2017 (C++17)
Features of C++
- Combines object-oriented and low-level programming features
- Supports object-oriented programming with encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism
- Statically typed with explicit type declarations and compile-time type checking
- Compiled language with code translated to machine code before execution
- Allows low-level memory management with manual memory allocation and deallocation using
newanddelete - Supports generic programming with templates and compile-time evaluation
Syntax and Basics
- Variables declared with
type name;syntax - Supports various operators (arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, etc.)
- Control structures include if-else statements, switch statements, and loops (for, while, do-while)
- Functions declared with
return-type name(parameters);syntax - Arrays declared with
type name[size];syntax - Pointers declared with
type* name;syntax
C++ Standard Library
- Provides containers (vector, list, map, set, etc.)
- Offers algorithms (sort, search, count, etc.)
- Supports input/output operations with iostream, istream, and ostream
- Includes string and wstring classes for string manipulation
- Offers utility classes (tuple, pair, etc.)
Memory Management
-
newoperator allocates memory on the heap -
deleteoperator deallocates memory on the heap - Smart pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr) introduced in C++11 for efficient memory management
- Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) manages resources using objects with destructors
Advanced Topics
- Templates support template metaprogramming and SFINAE (Substitution Failure Is Not An Error)
- Move semantics introduced in C++11 with rvalue references, move constructors, and move assignment operators
- Lambda expressions introduced in C++11 for anonymous functions and closures
- Multi-threading supported with threads, mutexes, condition variables, and atomic operations introduced in C++11
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Description
Learn about the development and features of C++, a programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. Understand its evolution, standardization, and key characteristics.
