Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of sugar has an aldehyde group at one end?
What type of sugar has an aldehyde group at one end?
Which type of carbohydrate is a polymer consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units?
Which type of carbohydrate is a polymer consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units?
How are monosaccharides classified based on the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group?
How are monosaccharides classified based on the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group?
What is the function of carbohydrates in serving as cell membrane components?
What is the function of carbohydrates in serving as cell membrane components?
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What is the most important carbohydrate for cellular energy generation?
What is the most important carbohydrate for cellular energy generation?
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Which process is responsible for the final step in cellular respiration?
Which process is responsible for the final step in cellular respiration?
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How many net ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule via glycolysis?
How many net ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule via glycolysis?
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What is a common complication in diabetics caused by the reaction of glucose with proteins in the eye's lens?
What is a common complication in diabetics caused by the reaction of glucose with proteins in the eye's lens?
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What led to the removal of Dulcin® from the market in 1951?
What led to the removal of Dulcin® from the market in 1951?
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Which synthetic sweetener was discovered after saccharin but before sodium cyclamate?
Which synthetic sweetener was discovered after saccharin but before sodium cyclamate?
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Why should individuals with the genetic disease avoid consuming aspartame?
Why should individuals with the genetic disease avoid consuming aspartame?
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What makes up about 10% of dental plaque and is a polysaccharide made up of glucose units?
What makes up about 10% of dental plaque and is a polysaccharide made up of glucose units?
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What type of glycosidic bond is formed between the anomeric OH group of galactose and C-4 of glucose in lactose?
What type of glycosidic bond is formed between the anomeric OH group of galactose and C-4 of glucose in lactose?
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What is the main structural difference between amylose and amylopectin in starch?
What is the main structural difference between amylose and amylopectin in starch?
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What is the function of branches in amylopectin's structure?
What is the function of branches in amylopectin's structure?
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How does glycogen differ structurally from amylopectin?
How does glycogen differ structurally from amylopectin?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Aldoses are sugars that have an aldehyde group at one end.
Polysaccharides
- Polysaccharides are carbohydrates that are polymers consisting of chains of monosaccharide or disaccharide units.
Classification of Monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are classified based on the presence of an aldehyde (aldoses) or ketone (ketoses) group.
Function of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates serve as cell membrane components.
Cellular Energy Generation
- Glucose is the most important carbohydrate for cellular energy generation.
Cellular Respiration
- Oxidative phosphorylation is the process responsible for the final step in cellular respiration.
ATP Production
- 2 net ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose molecule via glycolysis.
Diabetes Complications
- Cataract formation is a common complication in diabetics caused by the reaction of glucose with proteins in the eye's lens.
Sweeteners
- Dulcin® was removed from the market in 1951 due to its toxicity.
- Cyclamate is a synthetic sweetener discovered after saccharin but before aspartame.
- Individuals with phenylketonuria should avoid consuming aspartame.
Dental Plaque
- Dextran, a polysaccharide made up of glucose units, makes up about 10% of dental plaque.
Lactose
- An α-1,4-glycosidic bond is formed between the anomeric OH group of galactose and C-4 of glucose in lactose.
Starch Structure
- The main structural difference between amylose and amylopectin in starch is the branching pattern.
- Branches in amylopectin's structure allow for more efficient digestion.
Glycogen Structure
- Glycogen differs structurally from amylopectin in that it has more branching points.
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Description
Explore the timeline and key events surrounding the discovery and use of artificial sweeteners like saccharin, Dulcin®, and sodium cyclamate. Learn about the significance of these nonnutritive sweeteners in the food industry.
