History of Artificial Intelligence Timeline

Questions and Answers

Who coined the term Artificial Intelligence?

John McCarthy (correct)

Gary Kasparov

Ernst Dickmanns

Cynthia Breazeal

What significant development occurred in AI during the years 1980-1987?

The first driverless van was developed

The first humanoid robot was built

The term Machine Learning was coined

'Expert Systems' were introduced (correct)

Which programming language was introduced specifically for AI-related programs?

LISP (correct)

Java

C++

Python

What led to the first AI winter between 1974-1980?

Reduction in funding Signup and view all the answers

Which AI system defeated a world chess champion in 1997?

Deep Blue Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the second AI winter between 1987-1993?

Costly development of Expert Systems Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of AI research during the 'Golden Years' (1959-74)?

Algorithm development for problem-solving Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the first chatbot, ELIZA, introduced?

1966 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Birth of AI (1952-58)

John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1956 during a conference at Dartmouth College.
In 1958, LISP, a programming language designed for AI development, was introduced.

The Golden Years (1959-74)

High enthusiasm for AI characterized this period, with a focus on developing algorithms for mathematical problem-solving.
The term Machine Learning was introduced in 1959, signifying a shift towards systems that could learn from data.
ELIZA, the first chatbot, was introduced in 1966, showcasing early AI's capability for natural language processing.
In 1972, WABOT-1, the first humanoid robot, was built, representing significant advancements in robotics.

The First AI Winter (1974-80)

Despite initial promise, AI faced setbacks due to limited computational resources, hindering model training and development.
Reduced funding followed as tangible results did not meet high expectations, leading to a slump in AI research.

A Boom of AI (1980-1987)

The introduction of Expert Systems in 1980 revitalized AI, allowing specific problem-solving using expert knowledge.
A major conference by the American Association of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) was held at Stanford University in 1980.
Ernst Dickmanns developed the first driverless van for Mercedes, marking progress in autonomous vehicle technology.

The Second AI Winter (1987-93)

The development and maintenance of Expert Systems proved costly, leading to significant cuts in AI project funding during this period.

Intelligent Systems (1993-2011)

Enhanced computational power allowed for the revival of neural network-based AI systems.
In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov, demonstrating the potential and capabilities of AI.
In 2000, Professor Cynthia Breazeal developed Kismet, a robot capable of simulating human emotions, highlighting advancements in robotics and AI interaction.

Description

Explore the significant milestones in the development of Artificial Intelligence from its inception in the 1950s through the golden years of research in the 1970s. Learn about key terms and programming languages that shaped the field.