History of ARPA and Internet Development

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Questions and Answers

What significant event in 1957 led to the creation of ARPA?

The launch of Sputnik by the Soviets (correct)

The launch of the first manned space mission

The start of the Cold War

The establishment of the United Nations

When was the ARPANET officially turned on?

1965

1969 (correct)

1968

1972

What role did TCP/IP play in the development of the internet?

It allowed different networks to communicate using an intermediary protocol. (correct)

It was the first network to be established.

It was the first social media platform.

It linked military and civilian networks only.

Which company was awarded the contract to develop the communication technology for ARPANET?

Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial purpose of ARPA when it was created?

To enhance intelligence during the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

What was a major issue with early networks before TCP/IP was implemented?

Networks could not connect because they used proprietary protocols. Signup and view all the answers

In what decade did computer networking begin to take its shape with the development of ARPANET?

1960s Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement allowed for better communication between different networks?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Bluetooth technology?

To replace wired connections between devices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a VoIP service?

Google Hangouts Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a Local Area Network (LAN) from a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

LANs typically cover a smaller geographic area than WANs Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a private network contained within an enterprise?

Intranet Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an extranet?

To share essential information securely with external partners Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of cloud computing?

Database-as-a-Service (DaaS) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using intranets and extranets in organizations?

Increasing efficiencies and improving communications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'cloud computing'?

Delivery of hosted services over the Internet Signup and view all the answers

What does TCP/IP stand for?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Signup and view all the answers

Which device filters packets based on their destination within a network?

Switch Signup and view all the answers

What does an IP address represent?

A unique identifying number for any internet device Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

To act as a directory for routing on the Internet Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred in 1991 related to the management of the Internet?

The commercial transfer of internet management Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the term 'Webmaster' in the context of the early World Wide Web?

A person with expertise in web-related technical skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'Dot-Com Bubble'?

A surge in online investments in the late 90s Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Tim Berners-Lee introduce the World Wide Web?

1990 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Web 2.0 applications like Blogger and Wikipedia?

They allow anyone to publish content without needing technical skills. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Internet?

It is composed of many interconnected networks that support various services. Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum speed characteristic of a broadband connection?

256,000 bps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of home broadband access?

Dial-up connections Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a basic human right by the United Nations in the context of Internet access?

Access to broadband technologies Signup and view all the answers

How does Wi-Fi technology operate?

It converts internet signals into radio waves. Signup and view all the answers

What major advancement allowed Internet access on smartphones?

3G networks released in 2001. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following speeds characterizes traditional dial-up Internet connections?

1200 bps to 56,000 bps Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Information Systems

Information systems encompass a vast network of interconnected devices and technologies.
Computers transitioned from calculation tools to automation devices for business processes.
In the 1980s, organizations integrated telecommunications and information systems departments under an IT department.
Computer networking originated in the 1960s with the development of the internet.

A Brief History of the Internet

ARPANET's creation response to the launch of Sputnik (1957).
ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) aimed to provide secure communication between US research institutions.
ARPANET later evolved to DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency).
In 1968, DARPA sought proposals for networking technology.
Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) won the proposal to connect computers nationwide.
ARPANET went live in September 1969.
Development of proprietary protocols for early networks made communication difficult.
TCP/IP protocol invented to allow networks to communicate regardless of protocols.
TCP/IP became the standard protocol, allowing the term "internet" to describe the interconnected network.

Internet Vocabulary

Packet: fundamental unit of data transmitted over the internet.
Hub: network device connecting devices and broadcasting packets to all.
Bridge: connects two networks, allowing only needed packets to pass.
Switch: connects multiple devices, filtering packets based on destinations.
Router: receives and routes packets to their destinations.
IP Address: unique identifying number for every communicating device on the Internet.
Domain Name: human-friendly name for a device on the internet followed by a Top-Level Domain (TLD).
DNS (Domain Name System): internet directory for proper routing.
Protocol: set of rules allowing devices to exchange information across networks.

Growth of Internet Usage

Internet usage grew significantly over time from governmental and academic use to broader accessibility.
Tim Berners-Lee introduced the World Wide Web (WWW) with hypertext in 1990.
The Mosaic browser (1993) facilitated navigation of the internet.
The dot-com boom was sparked by NSF's transfer of Internet management to commercial organizations (1991).

Web 2.0

Early web development required webmaster expertise to set up servers, databases and domains.
Web 2.0 technologies made content creation and website maintenance easier for everyone.
Examples include Blogger and Wikipedia.

The Internet vs. World Wide Web

The internet is an interconnected network of networks. Runs many services like email, voice communication, and file transfers.
The World Wide Web is a component of the internet, using web servers to deliver HTML pages to web browsers.

The Growth of Broadband

Early internet access relied on modems over analog phone lines.
Modems modulated and demodulated signals to connect to dial-up networks.
Broadband speeds measure in bits per second (bps), increasing drastically over time.
Broadband connections deliver substantially higher speeds and utilize cable lines, DSL or satellites.

Home Broadband vs Dial-up

Broadband internet access steadily gained popularity as dial-up access declined from 2000 to 2013.

Importance of Broadband

Broadband internet usage impacts how people interact and use the internet.
Broadband technologies revolutionize how we live and interact.
Access to broadband is recognized as a basic human right by the United Nations.

Wireless Networking

Wi-Fi converts internet signals to radio waves allowing wireless connections.
The range of Wi-Fi signals is approximately 65 feet.
Multiple Wi-Fi specifications have emerged over time.
Mobile networks integrate data networks into mobile phone systems, providing internet access on smartphones.
The 3G network release marked a major breakthrough in mobile internet access in 2001.
Bluetooth is used for short-range connections, not for Internet access.
VoIP (Voice over IP) converts audio signals into digital format for transmission over the internet. Examples include Skype and Google Hangouts.

Organizational Networking

Local Area Networks (LANs) are small networks usually within a single building or campus.
Wide Area Networks (WANs) encompass larger areas with nodes in various locations such as cities or even states.
Client-server systems use servers for shared information access among users.
Intranets are private networks within an organization, leveraging existing internet technologies.
Extranets extend intranet access to authorized external entities like suppliers, vendors, and business partners.
Cloud computing delivers hosted services over the internet, divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), Software-as-a-Service (SaaS).

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Description

This quiz explores significant milestones in the creation of ARPA and the development of the internet. Test your knowledge about key events, technological advancements, and networking concepts from the early days of computer networking. Perfect for students and technology enthusiasts alike!