History of Architecture 2
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Questions and Answers

When does contemporary architecture begin, according to the introduction?

  • Between 1850-1950 (correct)
  • In the Renaissance period
  • After 1950
  • Before 1850

    • What was Galileo's contribution to architecture?

  • He tested materials for durability and strength (correct)
  • He designed iconic buildings
  • He developed new construction techniques
  • He wrote influential architectural theories

    • What was the significance of Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye?

  • It was a turning point in architectural history (correct)
  • It marked the end of modern architecture
  • It was the first building to use steel
  • It was a replication of ancient Greek architecture

    • What is the primary focus of modern architecture, according to the introduction?

    <p>Materials and engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with creating theoretical innovations to solve urban problems?

    <p>Le Corbusier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between architecture and visual arts, according to the introduction?

    <p>Architecture is a branch of visual arts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's German Pavilion?

    <p>It was a pioneering work in modern architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary theme of the introduction?

    <p>The emergence of modern architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the 1851 exhibition in Crystal Palace?

    <p>To display the industrial revolution's achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about the construction of Crystal Palace?

    <p>It was constructed using a modular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the 1851 exhibition in Crystal Palace?

    <p>It inspired a long succession of international fairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Owen Jones responsible for designing the interior of Crystal Palace?

    <p>Because the building was too large and people were not prepared for the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the UK in the 19th century?

    <p>It was the protagonist of the industrial revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of the construction of Crystal Palace?

    <p>Less than 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1851 exhibition in Crystal Palace after it was completed?

    <p>It was demolished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advantage of the tube system introduced in the Britannia Bridge?

    <p>Facilitated pre-fabrication and assembly on-site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the symbol of the new UK represented by Crystal Palace?

    <p>A new economic order and a new dynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant challenge posed by the Britannia Bridge's appearance?

    <p>It was not aesthetically pleasing in the railway context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the innovative feature of Johan A.Roebling's Niagara Suspension Bridge?

    <p>It was the first bridge to use wires to connect all elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary function of Johan A.Roebling's Brooklyn Bridge?

    <p>To bridge the gap between Manhattan and Brooklyn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Gustave Eiffel's designs?

    <p>They were shaped by the forces that defined them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Gustave Eiffel's contribution to engineering?

    <p>He worked in three dimensions with beams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did architects use iron according to the text?

    <p>According to fashion and aesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the period represented by the Brooklyn Bridge?

    <p>A transition period with both classical and new elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Louis Sullivan's contribution to architecture?

    <p>Theorizing the architecture of skyscrapers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main impact of the Land Ordinance Act of 1785?

    <p>The introduction of geometric segmentation in city layouts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Illinois-Michigan Canal and Erie Canal?

    <p>They permitted the transportation of goods from New York to Chicago in a couple of weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the characteristic of William Le Baron Jenney's architecture?

    <p>Construction of buildings with a mix of materials, including glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Civil War on American architecture?

    <p>It led to the emergence of a new typology of architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Balloon Frame structure?

    <p>It was an extremely simple, economical, and efficient construction system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of Louis Sullivan's architectural theory?

    <p>The idea that form should follow function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the growth of Chicago?

    <p>Its connection to the canals, allowing for faster transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the construction of buildings using 'Ballon Frame' structures?

    <p>To rapidly build structures due to urgent housing needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of using iron and steel in construction?

    <p>The emergence of open spaces on the ground floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 'tabuleiro de xadrez' in the development of cities?

    <p>It characterized the development of cities with a grid-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern of Le Baron Jenney in his architectural designs?

    <p>To prioritize speed and efficiency in construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the elevator on the development of cities?

    <p>It allowed for the creation of taller buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary motivation behind the development of new architectural styles in the United States?

    <p>To rebel against European conservative ideologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the great fire on the city's architecture?

    <p>It forced the development of new and more robust structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the characteristic of the urban development that occurred in the United States?

    <p>It was characterized by the grid-like structure of cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Modern Architecture

    • Modernism began between 1850-1950, characterized by simplicity and a new era of understanding materials and scale.
    • Galileo's scientific discoveries aided architecture, and the concept of urbanism emerged in the late 19th century.
    • Theoretical innovations aimed to solve current problems, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's German Pavilion (1928-29) addressed all modernism themes.

    Modernities XIX Part 1

    • Crystal Palace (1850-51) in Hyde Park, London, was a modular, repetitive structure that allowed for quick construction and transparency.
    • The 1851 exhibition inspired a series of international fairs, promoting industrialization and globalization.
    • England was the protagonist of the Industrial Revolution, with new machines, inventions, and economic power.
    • The Crystal Palace was a symbol of the new UK, representing a new economic order and dynamic.

    Architecture and Engineering

    • The Britannia Bridge (1850) introduced a revolutionary tube system, allowing for pre-fabrication and assembly on-site.
    • Johan A. Roebling's Niagara Suspension Bridge (1851-55) and Brooklyn Bridge (1869-83) showcased innovative engineering and construction techniques.
    • Gustave Eiffel worked in three dimensions with beams, understanding that each arc exhibited different static behaviors, and designing structures where form emerged from static function.

    Iron and Steel in Architecture

    • The use of iron and steel in architecture allowed for construction in height, leading to the development of skyscrapers and new typologies.
    • The Great Fire of Chicago (1871) led to the adoption of iron and steel structures, which permitted open spaces and public areas on the ground floor.
    • The development of elevators, such as Otis, facilitated the construction of taller buildings.

    Urbanism and City Planning

    • The Land Ordinance Act (1785) introduced geometric segmentation, influencing city layouts and property ownership patterns.
    • The 1807 map of New York City and Manhattan Island shows the structured approach to land division.
    • Urbanism had a low impact in the US, but the shape of the city started to be shaped by laws and canals, such as the Illinois-Michigan Canal (1848) and Eire canal map (1853).
    • Chicago's connection to the canals led to its growth and concentration of people.

    Balloon Frame and Typology

    • The Balloon Frame, an extremely simple structure, was assembled in a simple way and became the standard for residential houses in the US.
    • This construction system was light, economic, efficient, and cheap, and generated a new typology of architecture.
    • Louis Sullivan theorized the architecture of skyscrapers, emphasizing that form should follow function.
    • William Le Baron Jenney's work in Chicago showcased characteristic high-rise buildings, verticalization of lots, and mixed structures.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the history of architecture from the 19th century to the early 20th century, including modernity, iron structures, and notable architects like Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright.

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