History of Antibiotics Development
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the list of bacterial species that an antibiotic acts on?

  • Spectrum of activity (correct)
  • Mechanism of action
  • Bacterial distribution
  • Antibiotic discovery

What is the characteristic of antibiotics with a narrow spectrum of activity?

  • They act on a wide range of bacteria
  • They target viruses instead of bacteria
  • They are effective against a limited number of bacterial species (correct)
  • They are most effective against resistant bacteria

Which bacterial class has a resistance rate ranging from 10% to 50%?

  • Sensitive species
  • Moderately sensitive species
  • Resistant species
  • Inconsistently sensitive species (correct)

When was the first antibiotic, penicillin G, discovered?

<p>1942 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the level at which antibiotics act within bacterial structures or metabolic reactions?

<p>Site of action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did antibiotics have on certain infectious diseases after 1945?

<p>Reduced mortality rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics inhibits the elongation phase by preventing the attachment of new amino acid-tRNA complexes to the ribosome?

<p>Tetracyclines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

<p>Prevention of protein synthesis elongation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic acts specifically on Gram-positive bacteria, such as resistant staphylococci and streptococci, by inhibiting the initiation phase of protein synthesis?

<p>Linézolide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibiotics is bactériostatique, preventing bacterial multiplication without killing them?

<p>Tetracyclines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic, even though it doesn't belong to any specific category, acts only on Gram-positive bacteria like staphylococci and streptococci?

<p>Linézolide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is known for causing significant auditory toxicity?

<p>Gentamycine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about antibiotics is true?

<p>The discovery of antibiotics has increased average human life expectancy by around 15 years. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of excessive antibiotic use?

<p>Bacteria develop resistance by exchanging resistance genes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major class of antibiotics?

<p>Tetracyclines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural component do penicillins and cephalosporins share?

<p>A $\beta$-lactam ring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Against which types of bacteria are penicillins typically effective?

<p>Gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase producers), gram-negative cocci, and anaerobes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between research into new antibiotics and efforts to modify existing molecules?

<p>Research into new antibiotics has slowed down, with more effort put into modifying existing molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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