18 Questions
Which term refers to the list of bacterial species that an antibiotic acts on?
Spectrum of activity
What is the characteristic of antibiotics with a narrow spectrum of activity?
They are effective against a limited number of bacterial species
Which bacterial class has a resistance rate ranging from 10% to 50%?
Inconsistently sensitive species
When was the first antibiotic, penicillin G, discovered?
1942
Which term describes the level at which antibiotics act within bacterial structures or metabolic reactions?
Site of action
What effect did antibiotics have on certain infectious diseases after 1945?
Reduced mortality rates
Which type of antibiotics inhibits the elongation phase by preventing the attachment of new amino acid-tRNA complexes to the ribosome?
Tetracyclines
What is the main mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
Prevention of protein synthesis elongation
Which antibiotic acts specifically on Gram-positive bacteria, such as resistant staphylococci and streptococci, by inhibiting the initiation phase of protein synthesis?
Linézolide
Which type of antibiotics is bactériostatique, preventing bacterial multiplication without killing them?
Tetracyclines
Which antibiotic, even though it doesn't belong to any specific category, acts only on Gram-positive bacteria like staphylococci and streptococci?
Linézolide
Which antibiotic is known for causing significant auditory toxicity?
Gentamycine
Which of the following statements about antibiotics is true?
The discovery of antibiotics has increased average human life expectancy by around 15 years.
What is a major consequence of excessive antibiotic use?
Bacteria develop resistance by exchanging resistance genes.
Which of the following is NOT a major class of antibiotics?
Tetracyclines
What structural component do penicillins and cephalosporins share?
A $\beta$-lactam ring
Against which types of bacteria are penicillins typically effective?
Gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase producers), gram-negative cocci, and anaerobes
What is the relationship between research into new antibiotics and efforts to modify existing molecules?
Research into new antibiotics has slowed down, with more effort put into modifying existing molecules.
Learn about the timeline of important discoveries in the field of antibiotics, from streptomycin in 1944 to fluoroquinolones in 2000. Understand how these developments have impacted human life expectancy and how research has shifted towards improving existing molecules.
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