History Midterm #1 Flashcards

The grievances of the lower classes while curbing the power of the aristocracy.

Iambic verse

Being a preeminent statesman and orator during the Golden Age of Athens.

<p>The Parthenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of history's most renowned military leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphasizing observation, classification, and logical reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhetoric, ethics, and politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A legendary king of Uruk, part human and part divine, who seeks eternal life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of the earliest known examples of written laws, consisting of 282 laws covering various aspects of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contributed to urbanization, writing, technological innovations, and architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involved multiple gods governing various aspects of life, influencing neighboring cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient city and the capital of the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Military prowess, administrative innovations, and cultural achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a military campaign led by Esarhaddon to expand the Assyrian Empire's control over Egypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ten tribes of Israel deported by the Neo-Assyrian Empire after the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A golden age marked by architectural achievements, military conquests, and a flourishing economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of the most significant religious structures in Mesopotamia, dedicated to Marduk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A period of deportation and exile following the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Originated under Cyrus the Great, expanded by Cambyses II and stabilized by Darius I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Persian religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster, emphasizing the struggle between Ahura Mazda and Ahriman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the rule of King Menes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was marked by the construction of the iconic pyramids at Giza.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Akhenaton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents order, balance, and truth in the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Religion was shaped by the Nile River's flooding and the harsh desert landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He initiated the worship of Aten, the sun disc, establishing a form of monotheism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spells for navigating the underworld</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They served as monumental tombs for pharaohs and reflect advanced engineering and religious beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ancient Hebrews contributed to the development of monotheism and authored the Hebrew Bible, which contains religious and historical teachings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key figures include Abraham, who made a covenant with God; Moses, who led the Exodus; and leaders during the Babylonian Captivity and Roman occupation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ancient Judaism transitioned from polytheism to ethical monotheism through the teachings of figures like Abraham and Moses, and a focus on moral guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judaism's formation involved a theocratic system where religious beliefs intertwined with political organization, shaping cultural identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scholars question its accuracy and the motivations behind biblical narratives, as well as the lack of external corroborating evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minoan culture was characterized by a refined lifestyle and trade, while Mycenaean culture was marked by militarism and fortified cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant developments included Greek colonization, the growth of city-states (polis), emergence of religious traditions, and the influence of Homer's works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athens had a democratic system with citizen participation, while Sparta operated under a rigid oligarchy and was militaristic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Persian Wars united Greek city-states against Persia, while the Peloponnesian War was a conflict between Athens and Sparta that reshaped Greek politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Draco was an Athenian lawgiver known for his harsh legal code, which laid the foundation of Athenian law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solon was an influential lawmaker and statesman in Athens who reformed the political and social structure during the 6th century BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 10 Commandments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of divine instructions outlining fundamental obligations and prohibitions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around the 13th century BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mount Sinai</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guide individuals and communities in living ethical and just lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 60 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alexandria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secure the stability and prosperity of Egypt against Roman expansionism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The youngest son of Jesse and the second king of Israel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defeating Goliath with a sling and a stone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 1000 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jerusalem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For his deep faith in God and as an ancestor of Jesus Christ in Christian theology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Greek playwright.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Writing over 120 plays, with seven complete tragedies surviving today.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 400 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to their timeless exploration of fundamental human experiences and moral dilemmas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A warrior society in ancient Greece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advanced architecture and the written record known as Linear B.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 1600 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primarily on the Greek mainland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to invasions, internal unrest, and economic collapse toward the end of the Bronze Age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The founder of the Achaemenid Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various tribes and kingdoms into the first Persian Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 500 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasargadae, located in modern-day Iran.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His military campaigns and policies of tolerance influenced governance for centuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prominent ancient Babylonian king.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expanding the Babylonian Empire and constructing the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 600 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babylon, located in present-day Iraq.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To expand Babylonian influence and consolidate power over neighboring territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A succession of powerful kings and emperors, including Ashurbanipal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A highly organized military and advanced administrative systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the 9th century BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Mesopotamia, encompassing parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through military conquests to control trade routes and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To defend against Persian invasions and maintain Greek autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 400 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the island of Delos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athens' dominance led to conflicts with member states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A central figure in the Bible and patriarch of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His role in the covenant between God and the Hebrew people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 2000 BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For his foundational role in monotheistic faiths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex social organization characterized by urban development and cultural achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of cities and settled agricultural communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various regions including Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed for record-keeping, administration, and cultural preservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The invention of writing and advancements in mathematics and astronomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monumental structures like ziggurats and temples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sargon of Akkad, founder of the Akkadian Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant shift in Mesopotamian history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around the 24th century BCE</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early human communities included hunter-gatherer societies and settled agricultural communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shift from nomadic lifestyles to settled agricultural societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 10,000 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In multiple regions across the globe, including the Middle East, East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Driven by population pressures, environmental changes, and the desire for a stable food supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Djoser and Khufu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pyramids at Giza.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 2000 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the Nile River Valley in northeastern Africa, particularly around Memphis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established the divine authority of the pharaohs and built a strong centralized state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A legendary figure credited with the establishment of the Spartan constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The creation of the Great Rhetra, laws and customs shaping Spartan society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the 8th century BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the city-state of Sparta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They aimed to eliminate social divisions and promote a cohesive society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Egyptian god symbolizing kingship, death, and resurrection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He was murdered by his brother Seth, dismembered, and resurrected by his wife Isis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 5500 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In ancient Egypt, particularly in Abydos, Busiris, and Memphis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As the god of resurrection, he offered hope for immortality in the afterlife.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sumerians, considered one of the earliest urban societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invention of writing (cuneiform), the wheel, and early forms of mathematics and astronomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 4000 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the southern part of Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fertile lands and sophisticated irrigation systems enabled surplus agricultural production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Greek philosopher, regarded as one of the founders of Western philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of questioning aimed at stimulating critical thinking and uncovering truth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 400 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Athens, the capital of ancient Greece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To pursue wisdom and examine fundamental questions of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hammurabi, the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of 282 laws addressing aspects like commerce, marriage, and criminal justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 1700 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the city of Babylon, the capital of ancient Mesopotamia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish justice, maintain order, and regulate society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mythical creature from Greek mythology, depicted as half-man, half-bull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It resided in a labyrinth and consumed sacrificial victims sent from Athens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the Bronze Age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the island of Crete, in the palace of King Minos at Knossos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a punishment resulting from Queen Pasiphae's curse and King Minos's transgressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient city on the island of Crete associated with the Minoan civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showcases advanced architectural techniques and intricate murals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the Bronze Age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Near the present-day city of Heraklion on the northern coast of Crete, Greece.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a cultural, religious, and economic hub with significant influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Greek philosopher, regarded as a central figure in Western philosophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His philosophical dialogues exploring ethics, metaphysics, and politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 400 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Athens, where he founded the Academy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To understand reality, justice, and the human soul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his religious reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centering worship around Aten and moving the capital to Amarna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 1300 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From Akhetaten, the newly established capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To elevate Aten as the sole god, possibly to consolidate power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Greek city-states, primarily Athens and Sparta, against the Persian Empire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Marathon, the Battle of Thermopylae, and the Battle of Salamis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 400 BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In regions near the Aegean Sea and the eastern Mediterranean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to the Persian Empire's ambitions to conquer Greek city-states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancient Greek poet believed to be the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heroism, fate, and the human condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the 8th century BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the Mediterranean region, including locations in ancient Greece and Asia Minor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shaped subsequent literature and offer insights into the human experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A significant figure in Abrahamic religions and leader of the Israelites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and receiving the Ten Commandments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the 13th century BCE.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver them from bondage and into the Promised Land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To the Israelites by God.</p> Signup and view all the answers