Questions and Answers
Who sought to establish Maryland as a haven for Roman Catholics?
Cecilius Calvert
When did the first English settlers arrive at St. Clement's Island?
March 1634
What Act was passed in 1649 leading to the tolerance of different Christian sects in Maryland?
Act of Toleration
What was the economic focus of the Maryland Colony?
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What was a major industry in Maryland during the colonial period?
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What was the relationship between the Maryland settlers and Native Americans?
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What did the Act Concerning Religion, passed in 1649, entail?
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What happened in 1689 regarding the relationship between Protestants and Catholics in Maryland?
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Who was the fourth Lord Baltimore who regained power?
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What did the charter allow colonial men in Maryland to do?
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Study Notes
Settlement of Maryland Colony
- Established by George Calvert's son Cecilius as a refuge for Roman Catholics facing persecution in England.
- First English settlers arrived in March 1634, consisting of both Catholics and Protestants, aboard the Ark and the Dove at St. Clement's Island.
- Religious tensions escalated, driven by the growing American Puritan population, leading to the passage of the Toleration Act in 1649.
- Protestants became the dominant group, resulting in a need for legal protections for Catholics post-1649.
Economic Traits
- Agriculture was central, with plantations producing tobacco, corn, cotton, and various fruits and vegetables.
- Plantations had a large slave workforce and were self-sufficient, often featuring main houses, slave quarters, and auxiliary buildings.
- Trade involved crops exchanged for goods like shoes and tools, emphasizing the agrarian economy.
- By the 1690s, there was a significant transition from indentured servants to a larger enslaved population.
- Maryland became a hub for seafood processing and shipbuilding, reflecting its coastal geography.
- Major industries included agriculture and manufacturing, specifically shipbuilding and ironworks.
Social Dynamics
- The Act Concerning Religion of 1649 instituted penalties for religious insults, fostering an atmosphere of toleration.
- Governance separated from religion, attracting diverse groups seeking a tolerant society.
- Relations with Native Americans were complicated—conflicts arose, leading to a significant decline in local tribes.
- Women played economic roles and were usually married by age 20, with roles defined by gendered tasks.
- Tensions culminated in 1689 when Protestants overthrew Catholic leadership, resulting in Church of England dominance and restrictions on Catholic voting rights.
- Power returned to the proprietor with the 4th Lord Baltimore, and in 1776, Catholics regained voting rights due to John Carroll's advocacy.
- Education Laws required free instruction for poor children, though access to education largely favored upper-class males, with tasks assigned based on gender.
Political Structure
- The Charter granted considerable freedoms and feudal rights, including land grants, tax collection, and the ability to raise an army.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on the Maryland Colony and its early settlers. Learn about the key figures such as George Calvert and Cecilius, as well as the motivations behind establishing Maryland as a refuge for Catholics. Perfect for history enthusiasts studying American colonial history.
