History Chapter 29: Between Two Fires

Questions and Answers

How did the League of Nations fail?

No military support

What nation failed to become a member of the League?

USA

What happened to Germany, Austria Hungary, etc.?

No strength to keep things together, other powers took over

Why did the stock market crash in October 1929?

Inventory and merchandise values decreased, leading owners to sell shares while no one bought the inventory. Signup and view all the answers

Which USA president's policies worsened the depression?

Herbert Hoover Signup and view all the answers

F.D.R's campaign platform was centered on what issue?

Taking the USA out of the Great Depression Signup and view all the answers

How did the Great Depression affect Germany?

Hitler came to power; USA private banks lent money to Germany, and when America crashed, they suffered too. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Adolf Hitler?

German dictator Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benito Mussolini?

Italian Prime Minister Signup and view all the answers

What is Fascism?

Government holds complete control over the citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is National Socialism (Nazism)?

Government manages all means of production Signup and view all the answers

What is Anti-Semitism?

Prejudice against Jewish people Signup and view all the answers

How did Mussolini win Italian support?

He lied to them, promising restoration Signup and view all the answers

What African nation did Mussolini invade?

Ethiopia Signup and view all the answers

Who were Lenin's two possible successors?

Trotsky and Stalin Signup and view all the answers

Who became the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin died?

Stalin Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Leon Trotsky?

He was assassinated in Mexico Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Purge?

Process where Stalin rid the government and country of any opposition Signup and view all the answers

Why did Japan reject Westernization?

They grew to hate the USA and did not want any part in our economy. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Japan invade China (Manchuria), Korea?

They wanted territory Signup and view all the answers

Who was Hideki Tojo?

Japanese Prime Minister Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Big Three?

Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill Signup and view all the answers

What is appeasement?

Giving in to someone in order to avoid conflict Signup and view all the answers

What is Blitzkrieg?

Military tactic used by Germans during 'The Lightning War' Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The League of Nations

Failed due to lack of military support, rendering it ineffective in maintaining peace.
The United States did not join, undermining the League's credibility and power.

Post-WWI Territorial Changes

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and other nations fragmented following the war, leading to instability as other powers intervened.

The 1929 Stock Market Crash

Caused by decreased inventory and merchandise value, prompting owners to sell shares, leading to financial panic.

Herbert Hoover's Administration

U.S. President whose policies exacerbated the economic depression, failing to implement effective solutions.

Franklin D. Roosevelt's Campaign

Focused on alleviating the Great Depression, promising recovery and reform to restore the economy.

Impact of the Great Depression on Germany

Contributed to Hitler's rise to power, alongside financial turmoil from U.S. banks pulling loans.

Key Dictators in Europe

Adolf Hitler: German dictator known for his authoritarian regime and expansionist policies.
Benito Mussolini: Italian Prime Minister and founder of Fascism, promising national restoration.
Francisco Franco: Fascist leader in Spain who rose to power during the Spanish Civil War.

Fascism and National Socialism

Fascism: A political ideology where the government exerts complete control over citizens.
National Socialism (Nazism): An extreme form of government managed production and promoted racial superiority.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jewish people, significantly promoted under Nazi Germany.

Mussolini’s Strategies for Gaining Support

Used deception and false promises to rally popular support in Italy, including national restoration.

Italy's Aggression

Mussolini invaded Ethiopia to expand Italian territories and showcase military strength.

Soviet Union Leadership

Lenins's potential successors were Trotsky and Stalin, with Stalin ultimately taking over after Lenin's death.
Trotsky was assassinated in Mexico, reflecting the violent political purges of the era.

The Great Purge

A campaign initiated by Stalin to eliminate opposition within the Communist Party and the Soviet society through purges.

Japan's Shift to Imperialism

Gradually rejected Western influence and adopted an isolationist stance, rallying against U.S. economic involvement.

Japanese Expansionism

Invaded Manchuria and Korea driven by territorial ambition and resource acquisition.

Key Figures in Japan

Hideki Tojo: Prime Minister of Japan who played a critical role during the militaristic expansion.

The Big Three

Consisted of Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill, pivotal leaders during World War II.

Policy of Appeasement

Strategy of conceding to aggressive powers to avoid conflict, often associated with pre-WWII diplomacy.

Blitzkrieg Tactics

Military strategy known as "The Lightning War," emphasizing rapid and overwhelming force to achieve quick victories in warfare.

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Explore key concepts from Chapter 29, 'Between Two Fires', that delve into the failures of the League of Nations and the political landscape post-World War I. This quiz covers pivotal events such as the stock market crash of 1929 and the division of empires. Test your knowledge with flashcards designed to enhance your understanding of this historical period.