History Chapter 19 Flashcards

Key Terms and Definitions

• Nationalism: A strong pride and devotion to one's country, influencing political movements and decisions.
• Militarism: The expansion and strengthening of armed forces, used as a diplomatic tool during conflicts.
• Allies: An alliance in WWI including France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy, opposed to the Central Powers; U.S. joined in 1917.
• Central Powers: The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI.
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand: His assassination in 1914 by a Serbian sparked the onset of WWI.

Warfare and Strategies

• No Man's Land: The dangerous territory between opposing trenches on the Western Front during WWI.
• Trench Warfare: A combat method characterized by entrenched positions, leading to poor living conditions and stalemates.
• Convoy System: A naval tactic to protect merchant ships from U-boat attacks by grouping them with warship escorts.

Significant Events and Figures

• Lusitania: A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, resulting in 128 American deaths and shifting U.S. sentiment against Germany.
• Zimmerman Note: A 1917 German communication urging Mexico to fight the U.S., intercepted and escalating U.S. involvement in the war.
• Eddie Rickenbacker: An American "ace" pilot with 26 enemy aircraft kills during WWI.

Military Mobilization

• Selective Service Act: Legislation enforcing military draft registration for men aged 21 to 30 in 1917.
• American Expeditionary Force: U.S. troops led by General John Pershing in WWI, instrumental alongside the Allies.

Leadership and Operations

• General John J. Pershing: Commander of U.S. forces in WWI, leading the "doughboys" and contributing significantly to the Allied efforts.
• War Industries Board: Established to optimize war production efficiency; led by Bernard Baruch to coordinate industrial efforts.

Civilian and Social Impact

• Espionage and Sedition Acts: Legal measures to suppress dissent against U.S. involvement in WWI, imposing penalties on critics.
• Great Migration: Movement of African-Americans from the Southern U.S. to Northern cities for better opportunities during the early 1900s.

Post-War and Political Outcomes

• Fourteen Points: Proposed by President Woodrow Wilson, this plan aimed to establish lasting peace post-WWI.
• League of Nations: An organization formed after WWI to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts.
• Treaty of Versailles: The 1920 agreement imposing reparations on Germany and containing the war-guilt clause, attributing full blame for WWI to Germany.

Notable Leaders and Their Roles

• Georges Clemenceau: French Prime Minister demanding severe penalties for Germany post-WWI to ensure security.
• David Lloyd George: British PM focused on punitive measures against Germany for its role in the war.
• Henry Cabot Lodge: Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman opposing U.S. participation in the League of Nations.

Territory and Consequences

• Alsace-Lorraine: Region lost by France to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, regained after Germany's defeat in WWI.
• Reparations: Payments mandated by the Treaty of Versailles from Germany to the Allies, contributing to post-war economic hardships.

Military Technology and Terms

• U-Boat: A German submarine used extensively during WWI, influencing naval warfare.
• Contraband: Goods seized during wartime that are vital for military operations, legally confiscated by belligerent nations.

Influential Ideologies and Figures

• Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Russian Bolshevik Party, establishing a communist government following the 1917 Revolution.

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 19, including nationalism, militarism, and the Allies in World War I. This quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of historical themes and their implications in global conflict.