History Chapter 19 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does nationalism refer to?

A type of warfare used in World War I

The development of armed forces

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country (correct)

An agreement to stop fighting

What is militarism?

The development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy.

Who were the Allies in World War I?

France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy.

What were the Central Powers during World War I?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. Signup and view all the answers

What is no man's land?

A strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What defines trench warfare?

Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Lusitania?

It was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Zimmerman Note?

A communication from Germany to Mexico urging Mexico to go to war with the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Eddie Rickenbacker?

An ace pilot who downed 26 enemy fighters in WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Selective Service Act?

Law passed by Congress in 1917 requiring all men ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft. Signup and view all the answers

What is the convoy system?

The protection of merchant ships from U-boat attacks by having them travel in large groups escorted by warships. Signup and view all the answers

What was the American Expeditionary Force?

The U.S. forces led by General John Pershing who fought with the Allies in Europe during WWI. Signup and view all the answers

Who was General John J. Pershing?

The General in WWI who led the 'doughboys' in the American Expeditionary Force. Signup and view all the answers

What did Alvin York accomplish?

He killed 25 machine-gunners and captured 132 German soldiers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a conscientious objector?

A person who refuses to enter the military or bear arms due to moral or religious reasons. Signup and view all the answers

What does armistice mean?

An agreement to stop fighting, a truce. Signup and view all the answers

What was the War Industries Board?

An agency established during WWI to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Bernard M. Baruch?

The person who established the War Industries Board in 1917. Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Creel?

A journalist who was the head of the Committee of Public Information. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

Two laws enacted to impose harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of African-Americans from the South to North in the early 1900s. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Fourteen Points?

A series of proposals by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson for achieving lasting peace after WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What was the League of Nations?

An organization formed after WWI to promote cooperation and peace among nations. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Georges Clemenceau?

The French Prime Minister who wanted to ensure that Germany could never again threaten France. Signup and view all the answers

Who was David Lloyd George?

Britain's Prime Minister at the end of WWI who sought reparations from Germany. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What were reparations?

Fines that Germany was ordered to pay to the Allies as part of the Treaty of Versailles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the war-guilt clause?

A provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged it was solely responsible for WWI. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who opposed U.S. participation in the League of Nations. Signup and view all the answers

What was Alsace-Lorraine?

Territory taken by Germany from France in the Franco-Prussian War. Signup and view all the answers

Who was William II?

The German emperor during WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Western Front?

The region of Northern France where the Allies and Central Powers battled during WWI. Signup and view all the answers

What does casualty refer to?

A person killed or injured in a war or accident. Signup and view all the answers

What is contraband in a wartime context?

Military supplies and raw materials that can be legally confiscated by any belligerent nation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a U-boat?

A German submarine. Signup and view all the answers

What does CPI stand for?

Committee of Public Information. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Vladimir Lenin?

The founder of the Russian Communist Party who led the November Revolution in 1917. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

Nationalism: A strong pride and devotion to one's country, influencing political movements and decisions.
Militarism: The expansion and strengthening of armed forces, used as a diplomatic tool during conflicts.
Allies: An alliance in WWI including France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy, opposed to the Central Powers; U.S. joined in 1917.
Central Powers: The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand: His assassination in 1914 by a Serbian sparked the onset of WWI.

Warfare and Strategies

No Man's Land: The dangerous territory between opposing trenches on the Western Front during WWI.
Trench Warfare: A combat method characterized by entrenched positions, leading to poor living conditions and stalemates.
Convoy System: A naval tactic to protect merchant ships from U-boat attacks by grouping them with warship escorts.

Significant Events and Figures

Lusitania: A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, resulting in 128 American deaths and shifting U.S. sentiment against Germany.
Zimmerman Note: A 1917 German communication urging Mexico to fight the U.S., intercepted and escalating U.S. involvement in the war.
Eddie Rickenbacker: An American "ace" pilot with 26 enemy aircraft kills during WWI.

Military Mobilization

Selective Service Act: Legislation enforcing military draft registration for men aged 21 to 30 in 1917.
American Expeditionary Force: U.S. troops led by General John Pershing in WWI, instrumental alongside the Allies.

Leadership and Operations

General John J. Pershing: Commander of U.S. forces in WWI, leading the "doughboys" and contributing significantly to the Allied efforts.
War Industries Board: Established to optimize war production efficiency; led by Bernard Baruch to coordinate industrial efforts.

Espionage and Sedition Acts: Legal measures to suppress dissent against U.S. involvement in WWI, imposing penalties on critics.
Great Migration: Movement of African-Americans from the Southern U.S. to Northern cities for better opportunities during the early 1900s.

Post-War and Political Outcomes

Fourteen Points: Proposed by President Woodrow Wilson, this plan aimed to establish lasting peace post-WWI.
League of Nations: An organization formed after WWI to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts.
Treaty of Versailles: The 1920 agreement imposing reparations on Germany and containing the war-guilt clause, attributing full blame for WWI to Germany.

Notable Leaders and Their Roles

Georges Clemenceau: French Prime Minister demanding severe penalties for Germany post-WWI to ensure security.
David Lloyd George: British PM focused on punitive measures against Germany for its role in the war.
Henry Cabot Lodge: Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman opposing U.S. participation in the League of Nations.

Territory and Consequences

Alsace-Lorraine: Region lost by France to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, regained after Germany's defeat in WWI.
Reparations: Payments mandated by the Treaty of Versailles from Germany to the Allies, contributing to post-war economic hardships.

Military Technology and Terms

U-Boat: A German submarine used extensively during WWI, influencing naval warfare.
Contraband: Goods seized during wartime that are vital for military operations, legally confiscated by belligerent nations.

Influential Ideologies and Figures

Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Russian Bolshevik Party, establishing a communist government following the 1917 Revolution.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 19, including nationalism, militarism, and the Allies in World War I. This quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of historical themes and their implications in global conflict.