History Chapter 19 Flashcards

A viewpoint that people believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. The sun, moon, and planets revolved around the Earth.

A transformation in European thought in the 1500s and 1600s that called for scientific observation, experimentation, and the questioning of traditional opinions.

A method of inquiry that promotes observing, measuring, explaining, and verifying as a way to gain scientific knowledge.

<p>A scholar who placed more emphasis on reason in France and believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A Polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that Earth orbits the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist who discovered the law of motion of falling objects and invented the first working telescope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An English mathematician and natural philosopher who discovered the law of gravity and laws of physics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scholars relied on traditional authorities to surmise their beliefs about the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle in 300 BC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New theories were proposed about the natural world, and procedures were created to test ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galen had inaccurate depictions of the human body, while Andreas Vesalius began doing dissections and published a book about the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robert Boyle defined elements and created laws relating temperature, volume, and pressure of gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Church explained the world through inspiration and revealed truth, while science used facts and logical reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artists learned human anatomy to paint the body and used chemistry and math to develop paints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploration and expansion of trade, continuing study of ancient authorities, and development of the scientific method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beginnings of modern science, belief in progress and power of reason, and a new view of the universe as a well-ordered system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Identify problem; 2. Form a hypothesis; 3. Test hypothesis through experiments; 4. Record results; 5. Analyze results.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It convinced many about the power of reason, leading philosophers to believe that reason could solve human issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A time of optimism and possibility with new ideas debated and published from the late 1600s to the late 1700s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gatherings in which intellectual and political ideas were exchanged during the Enlightenment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that God granted hereditary rulers the right to rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A political system in which autocratic rulers have complete authority over the government and the lives of their people.</p> Signup and view all the answers