History Chapter 11 & 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a Lowell Girl?

someone who worked in the mills and returned home to marry

What is a capitalist?

someone who invests to make a profit

What does urbanization refer to?

movement of a population from farms to cities

What is sectionalism?

loyalty to one's state or region Signup and view all the answers

Who launched the first successful steam ship?

Robert Fulton Signup and view all the answers

Who brought plans to America to build the first factory?

Slater Signup and view all the answers

Who financed the Lowell Experiment?

Boston Associates Signup and view all the answers

Who financed the first mill in Pawtucket?

Moses Brown Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the Era of Good Feelings?

Period of time where there was little political disagreement and only one political party Signup and view all the answers

What is Clinton's Ditch more commonly known as?

Erie Canal Signup and view all the answers

What was the Lowell Experiment?

Name of a new factory system built on the Charles River Signup and view all the answers

What does the Industrial Revolution refer to?

The early 1800's brought a new revolution that had no battles and no fixed dates. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first thing factory owners needed to finance their businesses?

capital Signup and view all the answers

Why was Lowell, Massachusetts, called a model factory town?

Workers lived in clean and decent housing Signup and view all the answers

How did Congress help American industry after the War of 1812?

Established the Second National Bank Signup and view all the answers

Describe daily life in a factory in the early 1800s.

Workers, mostly women & children worked long hours Signup and view all the answers

What new division entered the national political scene after the Federalist Party dissolved?

Sectionalism Signup and view all the answers

What effect did sectionalism have on the Era of Good Feelings?

Made national unity more difficult Signup and view all the answers

Why did Henry Clay's American System fail?

Congress would not fund new roads, bridges and canals Signup and view all the answers

What was an unintended result of Henry Clay's American System?

Growth of sectionalism Signup and view all the answers

List three facts about John C. Calhoun.

Supported slavery; against the tariffs from South Carolina Signup and view all the answers

American industries were NOT helped by?

Dumping by foreign countries Signup and view all the answers

How did the United States gain Florida from Spain?

Bought it for $5 million Signup and view all the answers

What agreement resulted in the United States taking possession of Florida?

Fear that Spain would try to take back its colonies Signup and view all the answers

Why did President Monroe announce the Monroe Doctrine?

To protect Latin American republics from European attack Signup and view all the answers

What is the spoils system?

practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs Signup and view all the answers

What is suffrage?

right to vote Signup and view all the answers

What does nullification mean?

act of canceling a law Signup and view all the answers

What are nominating conventions?

meeting of delegates from all states to choose a party's candidates Signup and view all the answers

Who said, 'Our Union - it must be preserved.'?

Jackson Signup and view all the answers

What is a caucus?

private meeting during which powerful party members pick candidates Signup and view all the answers

Who said, 'Union, next to liberty, most dear.'?

Calhoun Signup and view all the answers

What does mudslinging refer to?

use of insults to attack an opponent's reputation Signup and view all the answers

Who said, 'Liberty and Union, one and inseparable.'?

Webster Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tariff of Abominations?

an unacceptably high tax on textiles Signup and view all the answers

Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a 'corrupt bargain' in the election of 1824?

Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams. Signup and view all the answers

What new political party of the 1830s attracted former supporters of John Quincy Adams?

Whigs Signup and view all the answers

Why did the House of Representatives choose the president in 1824?

No one received a majority in the electoral college Signup and view all the answers

Provide examples that reflect the growth of political democracy in the early 1800s.

Expanded suffrage; nominating conventions Signup and view all the answers

Why did Jackson rely upon his 'kitchen cabinet'?

Official cabinet was not qualified Signup and view all the answers

What led President Andrew Jackson's opponents to call him 'King Andrew'?

He expanded the power of the president Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures and Terms

Lowell Girl: Young women who worked in textile mills and returned home to marry, symbolic of the industrial workforce.
Capitalist: An individual who invests money to generate profit, crucial for economic development.
Robert Fulton: Innovator who launched the first successful steamship, transforming transportation and commerce.
Slater: Key figure who brought plans to America for establishing the first factory, marked the beginning of industrialization.
Boston Associates: A group of capitalists who financed the Lowell Experiment, pioneering the factory system in America.
Moses Brown: Financed the first textile mill in Pawtucket, contributing to the onset of the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial and Political Developments

Urbanization: Transition of the population from rural areas to cities, a significant trend during industrial growth.
Sectionalism: Loyalty to a region over the nation as a whole; played a critical role in American politics post-Federalist Party.
Era of Good Feelings: A period marked by political unity and lack of partisan conflict, despite underlying sectional tensions.

Societal Changes and Labor Conditions

Lowell Experiment: A new factory system on the Charles River aimed to create a model for industrial towns, emphasizing clean living conditions for workers.
Daily Life in Factories: Workers, predominantly women and children, faced long hours and challenging conditions, highlighting early labor issues.

Economic Policies and Reactions

Establishment of the Second National Bank: Congress's effort to support American industry after the War of 1812, centralizing financial authority.
Henry Clay's American System: Attempted to promote economic development through infrastructure funding but failed due to lack of Congressional support.
Tariff of Abominations: A controversial high tax on textiles that drew criticism and showcased regional economic disparities.

Political Shifts and Party Dynamics

Jacksonian Democracy: Shift towards broader political participation, reflected in expanded suffrage and the use of nominating conventions.
Spoils System: Practice of rewarding political supporters with government positions, prevalent in Andrew Jackson's administration.
Mudslinging: Tactic used in political campaigns, reflects the growing division and intensity in American politics.

Treaties and Foreign Relations

Acquisition of Florida: The United States purchased Florida from Spain for $5 million, marking a territorial expansion.
Monroe Doctrine: Announced to protect Latin American republics from European colonial ambitions, signaling a shift in foreign policy.

Key Ideologies and Controversies

Nullification: The right of states to cancel federal laws, underscored tensions over states' rights versus federal authority.
Political Opponents' Reactions: Andrew Jackson's expansion of presidential power led to critics labeling him as "King Andrew," reflecting fears of concentrated power.
Whigs Party Formation: Emerged in the 1830s as a response to Jacksonian policies, attracting discontented supporters of John Quincy Adams.

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Test your knowledge on key terms from History Chapters 11 and 12. This quiz features vocabulary related to industrialization, economics, and regional loyalty concepts. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of these important historical themes.