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History and Tools of DNA Manipulation

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about genetic engineering is NOT true?

It allows for the direct alteration of an organism's genetics to achieve desirable traits.

It involves the use of recombinant DNA technology.

It is the process by which a DNA sequence is manipulated in vivo. (correct)

It can create transgenic organisms by introducing DNA from a different species.

What was the groundbreaking achievement demonstrated by Lydia Villa-Komaroff and Walter Gilbert's group in 1978?

They developed the first transgenic animal model.

They created the first genetically modified plant.

They were the first to show that a transgenic bacterial strain could produce human insulin. (correct)

They discovered the structure of DNA.

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which prokaryotes can acquire foreign DNA through horizontal gene transfer?

Conjugation (mating with other cells)

Transformation (taking up DNA from the environment)

Transduction (viral infection)

Transcription (synthesis of RNA from DNA) (correct)

What is the role of the thermal cycler in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

It automates the heating and cooling cycles required for DNA amplification. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is correct?

It creates new combinations of genetic material by combining DNA from different sources. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

To cleave DNA molecules at specific recognition sequences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product that can be synthesized by transgenic microorganisms?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using thermophilic bacteria in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Their DNA polymerase enzymes are more stable at high temperatures. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about plasmids is correct?

They are small, circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using transgenic host organisms in genetic engineering?

To produce and secrete desired proteins or compounds. Signup and view all the answers