History and Features of C++

History of C++

• Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s
• Originally called "C with Classes," later renamed to C++
• First commercial implementation in 1985
• Standardized in 1998 (C++98) and again in 2011 (C++11)

Features of C++

• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles:
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
• Multi-paradigm language: supports OOP, imperative, and functional programming
• Statically typed: checks for type errors at compile-time
• Compiled language: code is compiled to machine code before execution

Syntax and Basics

• Variables and Data Types:
  • Basic types: int, char, float, double, etc.
  • User-defined types: struct, class, enum, etc.
• Operators and Control Structures:
  • Arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, etc.
  • Control structures: if, switch, while, for, etc.

Memory Management

• Pointers: variables that hold memory addresses
• Dynamic Memory Allocation:
  • new and delete operators
  • malloc and free functions (from C)

Functions and Classes

• Functions:
  • Functions can take arguments and return values
  • Function overloading: multiple functions with same name but different parameters
• Classes and Objects:
  • Classes define data and functions that operate on that data
  • Objects are instances of classes
  • Constructors: special functions that initialize objects

Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Inheritance: a class can inherit properties from a base class
• Polymorphism: objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common base class
• Virtual functions: functions that can be overridden by derived classes

History of C++

• C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s
• Initially called "C with Classes", later renamed to C++
• First commercial implementation was released in 1985
• C++ was standardized in 1998 (C++98) and again in 2011 (C++11)

Features of C++

• C++ supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles, including:
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• C++ is a multi-paradigm language, supporting OOP, imperative, and functional programming
• C++ is statically typed, checking for type errors at compile-time
• C++ is a compiled language, where code is compiled to machine code before execution

Syntax and Basics

• C++ has Basic Data Types, including:
  • int
  • char
  • float
  • double
• C++ also allows for User-Defined Data Types, including:
  • struct
  • class
  • enum
• C++ supports Arithmetic Operators, including:
  • /
• C++ supports Control Structures, including:
  • if
  • switch
  • while
  • for

Memory Management

• C++ uses Pointers, which are variables that hold memory addresses
• C++ supports Dynamic Memory Allocation, using:
  • new and delete operators
  • malloc and free functions (from C)

Functions and Classes

• C++ functions can:
  • take arguments
  • return values
• C++ supports Function Overloading, allowing multiple functions with the same name but different parameters
• C++ classes define:
  • data
  • functions that operate on that data
• C++ objects are instances of classes
• C++ constructors are special functions that initialize objects

Inheritance and Polymorphism

• C++ supports Inheritance, where a class can inherit properties from a base class
• C++ supports Polymorphism, allowing objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class
• C++ supports Virtual Functions, which can be overridden by derived classes