History and Anatomy of the Microscope

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the base of a microscope?

To magnify the image viewed

To control the amount of light entering the body tube

To hold the objectives in place

To provide support to all other parts of the microscope (correct)

Which component of the microscope is responsible for controlling the light passing to the specimen?

Coarse Adjustment Knob

Eyepiece

Condenser

Diaphragm (correct)

What role does the body tube play in a microscope?

It supports the stage for the specimen

It holds the light source

It guides light from the eyepiece to the nosepiece (correct)

It carries the microscope from one place to another

Who invented the first microscope in 1590?

Zacharias Jansen Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known as the father of microbiology?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the coarse adjustment knob?

It is used for rough focusing when using low-power objectives Signup and view all the answers

What significant improvement did Joseph Jackson Lister contribute to microscopes?

He reduced spherical aberration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the condenser in a microscope?

To collect and focus light onto the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 'Arm' in a compound microscope?

Focuses light through the lenses Signup and view all the answers

How does the eyepiece contribute to the microscope’s function?

It enlarges and allows viewing of the image Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Hooke observe using a compound microscope?

Cells in cork Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the diaphragm?

To magnify the specimen image Signup and view all the answers

Where is the condenser typically located in relation to the other components of a microscope?

Under the stage Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope was co-invented by Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll?

Electron microscope Signup and view all the answers

Which invention is Frits Zernike credited with?

Phase-contrast microscope Signup and view all the answers

What was Anton Van Leeuwenhoek able to discover with his improvements to the microscope?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scientists developed the ultramicroscope?

Richard Zsigmondy Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope connects to the base?

Arm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fine adjustment knob?

To focus the high-power lens for larger magnification Signup and view all the answers

Which objective lens is typically used for the lowest level of magnification?

Scanning Objectives Signup and view all the answers

What type of lens uses special oil for higher magnification?

Oil Immersion Objective Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the revolving nosepiece?

To hold and change the position of the objective lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which objective lens typically magnifies the image by 10 times?

High Power Objective Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lamp or mirror in a microscope?

To reflect light through the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the magnification range of low power objective lenses?

2x to 4x Signup and view all the answers

Where are the slides placed in a microscope?

On the stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum magnification provided by a compound light microscope?

2000X Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope uses a single lens for magnification?

Simple microscope Signup and view all the answers

What type of electron microscope is used to produce images of nanometer size?

Transmission electron microscope Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microscopes is approximately 10 times less powerful than a transmission electron microscope?

Scanning electron microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in focusing a microscope properly?

Start with the lowest power objective lens Signup and view all the answers

Which lens configuration does a standard compound light microscope use?

Two lenses aligned with the revolving nosepiece Signup and view all the answers

What does an electron microscope utilize to observe very small specimens?

A beam of electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope is commonly used in schools and laboratories?

Compound light microscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for adjusting focus when changing objective lenses on a microscope?

Click in the next power lens and use the fine adjustment knob for minor adjustments. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to keep both eyes open while using a microscope?

It prevents eye fatigue from the non-viewing eye being closed. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if contact with the ocular lens occurs?

Ensure your eyelashes do not touch the lens. Signup and view all the answers

What is a proper practice regarding the maintenance of the microscope when it is not in use?

Cover with a dust jacket. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cleaning the microscope is true?

Use a high-quality lens tissue for cleaning optical surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

History of Microscopy

Zacharias Jansen invented the first compound microscope around 1590.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek made significant improvements to the compound microscope in the mid-1600s.
Robert Hooke used a compound microscope to observe "cells" in cork.
Joseph Jackson Lister developed the first prototype of a compound microscope which reduced spherical aberration.
Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultramicroscope.
Frits Zernike invented the phase-contrast microscope.
Ernst Ruska (with Knoll) co-invented the electron microscope.
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer invented the scanning tunneling microscope.

Compound Microscope

Arm supports the body tube and connects to the base, used for carrying the microscope.
Base provides support to all other parts of the microscope.
Body Tube hollow tube where light passes through from the eyepiece to the revolving nosepiece.
Coarse Adjustment Knob large knob used for focusing, typically with the low-power objective lens.
Diaphragm controls the amount of light passing through the specimen, affects how much light enters the body tube.
Condenser collects and focuses illuminator's light onto the specimen, located under the stage with an iris diaphragm.
Eyepiece or Ocular Lens allows viewing the object and magnifies the image 10 times.
Fine Adjustment Knob small knob used to move the body tube for focusing the high-power lens for larger magnification.
Objective Lenses lenses with different magnifications:
- Scanning objectives magnify the image on the slide, usually 2x or 4 times.
- Low Power Objective magnifies the image on the slide, usually 10 times.
- High Power Objective magnifies the image on the slide, usually 40 times or higher.
- Oil Immersion Objective uses a special oil and magnifies the image on the slide, usually 100x.
Lamp/Mirror reflects light through the sample.
Revolving Nosepiece holds the objectives and allows for changing the magnification.
Stage flat surface where slides are placed.
Stage Clips hold slides in place.

Types of Microscopes

Light Microscope uses visible light and a lens system to magnify images, magnifies up to 500x.
- Simple Microscope uses a single convex lens for magnification.
- Compound Light Microscope uses two lenses (ocular and objective) for up to 2000x magnification.
- Standard Compound Light Microscope uses two lenses, with the eyepiece lens in line with the revolving nosepiece.
Electron Microscope uses a beam of electrons with short wavelengths, observes specimens at nanometer size.
- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) produces images of one-nanometer size, used to study cells.
- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) less powerful than TEM, produces high-resolution 3D images.
- Reflection Electron Microscopy (REM) uses an electron beam to detect elastically scattered electrons.

Focusing a Microscope

Start with the lowest power objective lens.
While looking from the side, lower the lens as close to the specimen as possible without touching it.
Look through the eyepiece and focus upward until the image is sharp.
Once the image is sharp with the low-power lens, click in the next power lens and make minor adjustments with the fine adjustment knob.
Continue this process with each subsequent objective lens, fine tuning the focus each time.
Keep both eyes open while viewing to prevent eye fatigue.
Never touch the ocular lens with your eyelashes.
Remove eyeglasses when viewing to avoid scratches.

Basic Rules for Microscope Care

Hold the microscope by the arm with one hand, supporting the base with the other. Never grab by the eyepiece holder.
Turn off the illuminator when not in use.
Clean the stage and lenses before putting the microscope away.
Use good quality lens tissue on optical surfaces.
Clean the oil immersion objective immediately after use.
Focus smoothly, do not rush or force anything.
If the microscope isn't working, do not attempt to fix it unless you know what you are doing.
Cover the microscope with a dust jacket when not in use.
Keep the microscope in a clean, dry place.

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Description

Explore the fascinating evolution of microscopy from its inception with Zacharias Jansen to modern advances like the electron microscope. This quiz covers key inventors and essential components of compound microscopes, shedding light on the technological advancements that have shaped scientific exploration.