History Alive World Connections Flashcards

Questions and Answers

How does a historian typically begin his work?

formulating a question he hopes to answer.

What does it mean if a historical source is biased?

It shows a strong preference or point of view that might distort the information presented.

What is a primary source?

A record of the past created by someone who lived at the time.

Which of the following historical investigations has the broadest spatial frame?

Studying the Silk Road trade routes between Europe and Asia Signup and view all the answers

What do values many consider to be universal standards like democracy and human rights indicate?

They may not be accepted in every time and place. Signup and view all the answers

What theme of world history is illustrated by the spread of the bubonic plague from Asia to Europe in the 14th century?

Human-environment interaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a topic that would fall under the theme of social structures?

Gender roles and relations Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural diffusion explain?

The growth and spread of a religion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sequence of events called?

A chronology. Signup and view all the answers

Which historical question requires an interregional view?

How did the slave trade affect Africa, Europe, and the Americas? Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following historical events would fit under the theme of political structures?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How has human technology affected the environment?

Throughout history. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a 'habit of mind' useful for studying history?

Looking for global patterns over time and space Signup and view all the answers

What does integration refer to in the broad themes of history?

The ways in which peoples of the world have been drawn together. Signup and view all the answers

What statement about colonial North America addresses gender roles?

Women took care of the home and garden. Signup and view all the answers

The period between the emergence of stone tools and the later appearance of metal tools is called the?

Stone Age. Signup and view all the answers

Where did the earliest settled societies develop?

In areas that were rich in natural resources. Signup and view all the answers

What were the earliest domesticated plants?

Grasses. Signup and view all the answers

What knowledge was part of hunter-gatherer culture?

Knowledge of how to make tools. Signup and view all the answers

On what were the lives of pastoral nomads based?

Herds of domesticated sheep, goats, and cattle. Signup and view all the answers

What is one way cities were different from villages?

Cities had public structures and markets. Signup and view all the answers

How was the economy of Sumer managed?

It was centrally managed by priest-kings and officials. Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the system of writing known as hieroglyphics?

Egyptian priests. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these are examples of interregional trade EXCEPT for trade between?

Harappa and Mohenjo-daro Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Indus Valley civilization cover a larger territory than the civilizations of Mesopotamia or Egypt?

The Indus traders traveled farther. Signup and view all the answers

What was the first dynasty to record its history in the valley of the Yellow River?

The Shang. Signup and view all the answers

Athens united many Greek city-states in a league to defeat which empire?

Persian. Signup and view all the answers

How was the Roman Republic different from a direct democracy?

The people ruled through elected representatives. Signup and view all the answers

What was China's main export at the time of the Han dynasty?

Silk. Signup and view all the answers

How did King Ashoka work to unify the Mauryan Empire?

Through peace and religious tolerance. Signup and view all the answers

Which site was located north of the Taurus Mountains?

Catal Hoyuk. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following figures is considered an important prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

Abraham. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are characteristics of world religions EXCEPT?

They instruct people in how to reach heaven. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the most sacred place in Judaism?

The temple in Jerusalem, first built by King Solomon. Signup and view all the answers

What resulted from the Jewish Diaspora?

Jews were forced to disperse across the Middle East. Signup and view all the answers

What important trait do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share?

Belief in a single God. Signup and view all the answers

According to Christian belief, who was Jesus?

The Messiah, chosen by God to save humankind. Signup and view all the answers

What happened three days after Jesus was crucified, according to the New Testament?

He rose from the dead. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are part of the Five Pillars of Islam EXCEPT for?

Marriage Signup and view all the answers

What do Muslims rely on to guide all aspects of life?

Shari'ah law. Signup and view all the answers

What is believed to be the complete message of God as revealed to Muhammad?

The Qur'an. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Vedas in Hinduism?

Sacred hymns, poems, and prayers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are aspects of the Hindu belief system EXCEPT?

Nirvana Signup and view all the answers

What does the Eightfold Path in Buddhism offer guidelines for?

Achieving enlightenment. Signup and view all the answers

How did Buddhists promote the study and spread of Buddhism?

By opening monasteries. Signup and view all the answers

What did Confucius believe was important for a harmonious society?

Filial piety. Signup and view all the answers

How did Confucianism affect the Chinese state?

Confucian classics became the basis of the state civil service exam. Signup and view all the answers

What caused the collapse of the Han Empire?

Power struggles among government factions. Signup and view all the answers

Who ruled northern India during the same period as the Han and Roman empires?

The Guptas. Signup and view all the answers

How did Roman emperor Diocletian govern a large empire?

He split it into eastern and western halves. Signup and view all the answers

Which peoples lived in Mesoamerica EXCEPT?

Inca Signup and view all the answers

What were spiritual and political leaders of the Muslims called?

Caliphs. Signup and view all the answers

What was an advantage of the Muslim Empire in warfare?

Its use of camels. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Sunni and Shi'a branches of Islam originally split?

Over which ruler's authority they respected. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main cause of the Mongol Empire's collapse?

Bubonic plague. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Silk Road significant between 300 to 1500?

It was the world's largest trade network. Signup and view all the answers

Why was Thomas Becket killed?

He sided with the Church against the king. Signup and view all the answers

What reform was made by King Henry II of England?

Trials were held before a royal judge. Signup and view all the answers

How did political changes in England weaken feudalism?

Nobles lost power to the king or common people. Signup and view all the answers

What action by an English king gave ordinary people a voice in government?

Calling the Model Parliament. Signup and view all the answers

How did the plague make life harder for Jews in Europe?

They were often blamed for the disease. Signup and view all the answers

What conflict arose from the event of 1164 between King Henry II and the Roman Catholic Church?

A major confrontation over royal authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why the battle in 1429 had a different outcome from the battle in 1364?

Joan of Arc led the French. Signup and view all the answers

How did the plague increase the power of the common people?

It created a shortage of workers. Signup and view all the answers

What technological advantage helped the English win many early battles of the Hundred Years' War?

The longbow. Signup and view all the answers

What development in the Hundred Years' War was partly a response to Joan of Arc?

Stronger national identity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the best sub-headings for the two columns in the chart below?

Western/Eastern. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hippo mean?

Horse. Signup and view all the answers

Which events took place in the Hippodrome?

Chariot races. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the lives of the jobless in Constantinople?

They worked in exchange for bread from the emperor. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Blues and the Greens?

Fans of opposing teams. Signup and view all the answers

What event led Justinian I to start a major public works program?

Violent riots destroyed the city. Signup and view all the answers

What was Hagia Sophia built as?

A church. Signup and view all the answers

What is Justinian's Code?

An organized set of laws. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Eastern Orthodox missionary Saint Cyril create?

The Cyrillic alphabet. Signup and view all the answers

Why were the Byzantines angry when the pope crowned Charlemagne as Holy Roman emperor?

They felt that their empress should rule the remains of the Roman Empire. Signup and view all the answers

Which sources best help scholars learn about the cultures of the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan people?

Traditions found among descendants. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Mayas calculate the solar year?

The time it takes Earth to go once around the sun. Signup and view all the answers

What was one way the Mayan system of numbers differs from ours?

It was based on 20 rather than 10. Signup and view all the answers

What does a picture showing a Mayan stele depict?

An ancient stone monument with inscriptions. Signup and view all the answers

Why could a Maya identify a stranger's town?

By weaving cloth in complex patterns. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Mayas create hundreds of glyphs?

To communicate sounds, words, and ideas. Signup and view all the answers

How can tourists in Mexico observe Aztec technology still in use?

By taking a boat to see flowers grown on artificial islands. Signup and view all the answers

What achievement did the Aztecs adapt from the Mayas?

System of two calendars. Signup and view all the answers

What does a translation of a short Aztec verse tell about Aztec culture?

Poetry was highly valued. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes an old, overgrown temple identifiable as Aztec?

A double stairway. Signup and view all the answers

What system of writing did the Aztec use?

Pictographs. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did the Incas face to a much larger extent than other peoples in the Americas?

Controlling a very large empire. Signup and view all the answers

How did travelers on Incan roads cross rivers?

They walked on suspension bridges. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Incan farmers terrace their fields?

To increase available cropland. Signup and view all the answers

What material was extensively used inside the Temple of the Sun by the Incas?

Gold. Signup and view all the answers

What problem did the Incas solve with sets of strings called quipus?

Lack of a written language. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Crusades lead to globalization in later centuries?

They introduced Europeans to luxury goods from Asia, encouraging trade. Signup and view all the answers

What did the magnetic compass and the astrolabe encourage the development of?

Exploration by ship. Signup and view all the answers

How did Captain James Cook contribute to changes in the first global age?

His explorations helped bring Pacific lands into the new global system. Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the spread of European ideas and values around the world?

Westernization. Signup and view all the answers

Which military tactic was part of the gunpowder revolution?

Battering city walls with cannonballs. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the empire of the Ottoman Turks considered a 'gunpowder empire'?

They used guns to conquer a large area on three continents. Signup and view all the answers

Which empire controlled the territory between India and the Ottomans?

Safavid. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the shoguns?

Strong military rulers of a centralized Japanese state. Signup and view all the answers

Why did mestizos hold a middle place in the Spanish colonial social structure?

Their ancestry was partly European. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Research and Interpretation

Historians start by formulating questions to guide their inquiries.
A biased historical source presents distorted information due to strong preferences.
Primary sources are firsthand accounts from individuals who experienced events.

Themes in World History

Broad historical investigations can study extensive connections, such as Silk Road trade routes between Europe and Asia.
Universal values like democracy and human rights are not uniformly accepted across all societies or periods.
Historical patterns like the spread of the bubonic plague exemplify human-environment interaction.
Social structure studies may cover gender roles and relations.

Cultural and Technological Developments

Cultural diffusion explains how religions grow and spread.
Chronologies capture sequences of events in historical narratives.
Integration in history denotes how disparate cultures and peoples have interconnected.
The Stone Age marks the timeline of early human technological development with stone tools.

Societal Organization and Economy

Early settled societies formed in resource-rich regions, with domesticated plants primarily being grasses.
Hunter-gatherer cultures relied on knowledge of tool-making for survival.
Pastoral nomads depended on herds, such as sheep and goats, for their livelihoods.
Urban centers evolved with public structures and markets compared to villages.

Political Structures and Records

Sumer's economy was overseen by priest-kings and officials, showcasing early centralized governance.
Egyptian priests developed hieroglyphics as a formal writing system.
Interregional trade examples exclude localized trade, such as that between Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
The Indus Valley civilization expanded due to extensive trading networks.

Empires and Historical Figures

The Shang dynasty was the first to document its rule in the Yellow River region.
Athens united Greek city-states against the Persian Empire.
The Roman Republic operated through elected representatives, contrasting with direct democracy.
The Han dynasty's primary export was silk; King Ashoka promoted peace and religious tolerance in the Mauryan Empire.

Religious Developments and Cultural Synthesis

Abraham is a significant prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, highlighting shared religious heritage.
The temple in Jerusalem is sacred to Judaism and emphasizes the importance of devotion.
The Jewish Diaspora led to the widespread dispersion of Jewish communities across the Middle East.
Shared beliefs among major religions include the worship of a single God.

Educational and Philosophical Contributions

Confucianism stressed filial piety as essential for harmony in society and influenced the Chinese state through civil service examinations.
Buddhism promotes enlightenment through the Eightfold Path, with monasteries facilitating growth and study.

The Han Empire collapsed due to internal power struggles, while the Gupta Empire governed northern India concurrently with the Han and Roman empires.
Diocletian divided the Roman Empire for efficient governance.
Mesoamerica includes numerous cultures except the Inca.

Technology and Warfare

The introduction of camels provided military advantages to the Muslim Empire.
The Sunni and Shi'a branches of Islam arose from disagreements over governance.
The Mongol Empire's downfall was primarily due to the bubonic plague.

European Developments and Global Interactions

The Silk Road functioned as a significant trade network between 300 and 1500.
The Crusades fostered globalization by exposing Europeans to Asian luxury goods, enhancing trade.
Technological advancements like the compass and astrolabe also propelled maritime exploration.

Societal and Cultural Dynamics

The Ottomans utilized firearms extensively, giving rise to the term "gunpowder empire."
Shoguns were the dominant military rulers in Japan, shaping centralized governance.
Mestizos played a crucial role in the social hierarchy due to their mixed European ancestry.

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Test your knowledge with flashcards covering Chapters 1 to 13 of the TCI History Alive World Connections curriculum. This quiz focuses on essential historical concepts and terminology that historians use to analyze the past. It's a great way to review key ideas and prepare for exams.