Historiography: Development in the West

A systematic approach to examining historical information. It involves examining sources, analyzing information, and formulating hypotheses.

Documents, artifacts, and other evidence used to understand the past.

The writing of history. It involves critically analyzing sources and creating a narrative.

A written account of historical events, created by a historian.

The perspectives, theories, and ideas a historian uses to interpret historical events.

Analyzing historical sources to determine their reliability and bias.

Creating possible explanations or solutions to historical questions.

Creating questions that need answers from historical references and information.

Using methods from various fields (e.g., archaeology, linguistics) to analyze historical data.

A scholar who studies and writes about history.

The historical writing of ancient societies, lacking a systematic approach compared to modern historiography, yet recording events.

An ancient civilization in Mesopotamia, credited with early historical record-keeping through inscriptions.

The scientific study of history, based on evidence, and focusing on human actions, avoiding supernatural influences.

A systematic account of past events, including battles, kings, and other relevant stories.

The study of writing history, and historical methods.

A viewpoint focusing on human actions and their impact in history, not divine intervention.

Information or data supported by trustworthy sources and facts for analysis in modern history

Scientific approach; relevant questions; supported evidence; charting human journey.

A new historical study approach focusing on aspects beyond political events, including climate, local cultures, agriculture, and social dynamics.

Michel Foucault's method of examining historical events, focusing on transitions and hidden contexts, not just chronology.

A historical perspective emphasizing women's experiences and contributions, often overlooked in traditional narratives.

A significant book by Karl Marx exploring economic exploitation, a primary source of historical analysis.

The resources, tools, and elements required for producing goods and services in an economy.

The term "history" originated in ancient Greece, specifically from Herodotus's work, "The Histories", in the 5th century B.C.E.

A 19th-century German historian who emphasized the use of primary sources and critical methods in historical research.

Descartes emphasized never accepting anything as true without thorough doubt, influencing scientific methodology.

An objective account of past events, according to Leopold von Ranke, achievable through careful investigation of primary sources.

Voltaire advocated incorporating social aspects (traditions, trade, etc.) into historical studies, suggesting a broader understanding of human experience as crucial for history.

A philosophical approach to history focusing on progress and the dialectical relationship of opposing ideas.

Hegel, a German philosopher, contributed to historiography by emphasizing the critical examination of historical sources and the development of a comprehensive historical narrative.

The study of how history is written and the different interpretations of historical events across time.

Original documents, artifacts, or other evidence from the time period being studied, providing direct insights into the past.

Starting in the 18th century, a shift occured from theological perspectives to the use of scientific methods in studying social and historical truths.

A systematic approach to evaluating historical sources, assessing reliability and bias.

Prior to the 18th century, European universities primarily focused on philosophical approaches rooted in religious dogma.

The idea that history shows a continuous improvement or development, according to some interpretations.

Göttingen University, founded in 1737, was groundbreaking in establishing a dedicated history department, marking a turning point in the study of history in Europe.

A historical approach focusing on women's experiences and contributions, often overlooked in traditional analyses. It emphasizes inclusion of women's roles and re-evaluates male-centric perspectives.

A historical study method focused on evidence-based analysis of human actions, avoiding supernatural explanations.

A historical approach that emphasizes social and economic factors, often beyond political events. Includes climate, local cultures, agriculture, family structures, etc

A method developed by Michel Foucault to examine historical transitions and contexts, rather than just chronological events.

The process of understanding through the struggle and resolution of opposing ideas.

A concept in Karl Marx's work emphasizing social divisions based on economic differences between classes and their conflicts.

A significant figure in modern historical methodology, who advocated for a factual and scientific approach to historical writing.