Questions and Answers
What is one reason we study history?
History does not play a role in understanding economic activities.
False
What type of sources provide the best evidence in historical research?
Primary sources
History is the study of life in society during the past, in all aspects, in relation to present developments in the __________.
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Match the following areas with their relevance to history:
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Which of the following best describes a primary source?
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History has no relevance to psychological understandings of past leaders' behavior.
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What helps provide public consciousness regarding leaders' potential wrongdoing?
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What is the primary focus of external criticism in historical research?
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Internal criticism assesses the authenticity of historical documents.
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What question do scholars typically ask to evaluate the source of information?
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External criticism examines the ______ and historical context of evidence.
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Match the types of sources with their definitions:
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What is historiography?
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History is solely objective and does not include subjective interpretations.
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Who defined history as a narrative or description of past events written with critical inquiry?
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The term kasaysayan in Filipino history means ___ and saysay or meaning.
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Match the following historians with their contributions:
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According to Encyclopedia Britannica, history studies events that are based on:
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A narrative without meaning to a group of people qualifies as a historical account.
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Who stated that history represents the struggle of Filipinos aiming for freedom?
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What are secondary sources?
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Primary sources can include articles from newspapers published after an event.
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Name one type of secondary source.
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______ sources are first-hand accounts that provide direct evidence.
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Match the following examples with their corresponding type of source:
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Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary source?
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Living organisms, like animals, are considered secondary sources.
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What does the historical method involve?
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Study Notes
Historiography
- Historiography is the study of how history is written and interpreted by various authors.
- It encompasses both objective and subjective aspects of history.
Definition of History
- Defined as the integrated narrative or description of past events, aiming for truth through critical inquiry.
- Originates from the Greek word "Historia," implying knowledge gained through inquiry.
- Different perspectives on history:
- Calderon & Gonzales highlight it as a narrative capturing the whole truth.
- Ambeth Ocampo illustrates it through "kasaysayan," combining narrative and meaning.
- Zeus Salazar emphasizes that history must have significant meaning for it to be recognized as historical.
Notable Historians
- Teodoro Andal Agoncillo was a prominent 20th-century Filipino historian advocating for a nationalist perspective in history.
- Agoncillo defines history as the study of significant past events, particularly the struggle for freedom by Filipinos.
Importance of Studying History
- Understanding the past helps illuminate the present and appreciate cultural heritage.
- Historical insights inform various fields:
- Political Science: The evolution of government structures and citizen rights stems from historical context.
- Economics: Understanding economic development requires examining historical human activities.
- Sociology: The chronology of societal changes and cultural evolution are addressed through history.
- Ethics: Reflecting on past mistakes guides future reasonable actions.
- Psychology: Analyzing past leaders' actions aids in predicting current leaders' behaviors.
- Geography: Historical events shape geographical understanding and context.
Sources of Historical Data
- Historical research utilizes varied sources, categorized into primary and secondary sources.
Classification of Historical Sources
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Primary Sources:
- Considered the most reliable, including firsthand accounts from eyewitnesses or original documents.
- Examples include letters, diaries, and artifacts.
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Secondary Sources:
- Composed of analyses and interpretations from those not directly involved in the events.
- Includes biographies, articles, history books, and reference materials.
Evaluating Historical Data
- The historical method includes source criticism, assessing the validity of sources.
- External Criticism: Determines document authenticity by examining physical characteristics and historical context.
- Internal Criticism: Evaluates a document's content to establish credibility.
Key Questions for Scholars
- Assessing the author's presence and timing during events, the source of information, and the breadth of evidence evaluated.
- Distinguishing between primary and secondary sources is crucial for advancing reliable historical knowledge.
Conclusion
- Understanding the importance of historiography and historical methods is foundational for studying and interpreting history accurately.
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Description
Explore the intricate study of historiography and its interpretations of history as written by various authors. This quiz delves into the definitions and notable historians who have shaped our understanding of the past, focusing on both objective narratives and subjective meanings.
