Historical Significance of Du Simitiere's Sketch
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Questions and Answers

What role did Judith Hernstadt play in relation to the drawing?

  • She uncovered the drawing in New York City.
  • She was the artist of the drawing.
  • She is a historian specializing in Revolutionary War artifacts.
  • She was a collector of 18th-century artifacts who purchased the drawing. (correct)

What specific detail in the drawing sparked interest from the curator Matthew Skic?

  • The depiction of a baby in the carriage.
  • The presence of six soldiers in the drawing.
  • A soldier wearing a Continental Army shirt. (correct)
  • The detailed scenery of the Revolutionary War.

What does the presence of the Continental Army shirt in the drawing signify?

  • It shows that the drawing is a fictional artistic representation.
  • It reflects the involvement of the British forces during the war.
  • It represents the Thirteen Colonies during the Revolutionary War. (correct)
  • It indicates the drawing depicts a scene from a later historical period.

How long did it take for Judith Hernstadt to recognize the historical significance of the drawing?

<p>40 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found on the back of the sketch aside from the main drawing?

<p>Five rough drafts of two men. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary subject of the sketch created by Pierre Eugene du Simitiere?

<p>North Carolina troops marching through Philadelphia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the women depicted in the sketch is true?

<p>They contributed significantly to army operations through various roles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key event does the sketch relate to in terms of timing?

<p>The Battle of Brandywine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How was the sketch ultimately recognized and preserved for public view?

<p>Through Skic's research and recognition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what medium was the sketch created?

<p>Paper and ink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the male crab spider play in the camouflage strategy?

<p>He disguises himself as the pistils and stamens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the camouflage strategy used by the crab spiders?

<p>It allows them to hunt without being detected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which location were the crab spiders observed by the scientists?

<p>In a rainforest in China. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific color change did the female crab spider undergo?

<p>From brown to white. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial observation made by Shi-Mao Wu regarding the spider's camouflage?

<p>He was unable to see the male spider. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason female crab spiders utilize camouflage in their environment?

<p>To blend in with flowers and avoid predation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes male crab spiders from females concerning camouflage?

<p>Males typically have a darker coloration than females (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What groundbreaking concept was introduced in Wu and Gao's research regarding crab spiders?

<p>Cooperative mimicry between male and female spiders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of cooperative mimicry for male and female crab spiders?

<p>Expanded ecological niches and improved survival rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the camouflage of female crab spiders?

<p>Their camouflage is primarily used for hunting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary geological period during which ichthyosaurs thrived?

<p>Triassic and Jurassic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant aspect differentiates ichthyosaurs from modern marine mammals?

<p>Ichthyosaurs are part of the reptile family. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the size of the first fossil found by Justin and Ruby?

<p>Four inches long (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Justin Reynolds confirm his theory about the fossils?

<p>He emailed Dr. Dean Lomax for confirmation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of fossil searching usually leads to significant discoveries, according to Dr. Lomax?

<p>5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature distinguishes Ichthyotitan severnensis from other giant ichthyosaurs in its classification?

<p>It was discovered from a fragment gathered in 2016 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated length of Ichthyotitan severnensis, according to the analysis of the fossil fragments?

<p>80 feet (24 meters) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication featured the study regarding Ichthyotitan severnensis?

<p>PLOS One (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significance does Ruby attribute to fossil hunting for young people?

<p>It allows youth to participate in significant scientific discoveries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the condition of the ichthyosaur fossils discovered by Dr. Lomax's team?

<p>They were highly fragmented (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is significant about the emergence of Brood XIX and Brood XIII in 2024?

<p>It is the first time two broods are emerging together in 221 years. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the life cycle of periodical cicadas?

<p>Cicadas live underground for 13 or 17 years before emerging. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do researchers believe that the 13- and 17-year life cycles of cicadas are prime numbers?

<p>Predators would find it easier to synchronize their life cycles with even-numbered periods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the regions where the cicadas will emerge in 2024?

<p>The overlapping emergence is predicted to occur in specific states. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cicadas' emergence remains unclear to researchers?

<p>The environmental triggers that signal their emergence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of the breaking competition at the Paris 2024 Olympics?

<p>Dancers must include specific mandatory moves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many events will breaking feature in the Paris 2024 Olympics?

<p>Two events, one for each gender. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location will host the surfing events during the 2024 Paris Olympics?

<p>The South Pacific island of Tahiti. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame allotted for the surfing competition at the Paris 2024 Olympics?

<p>Over four days within a ten-day window. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sports made its Olympic debut prior to the Paris 2024 Games?

<p>Surfing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason young trees are particularly affected by cicada activity?

<p>Their branches are severed, cutting off food supply. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do adult cicadas play after laying their eggs?

<p>Their bodies decompose, enriching the soil. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that allows mature trees to withstand cicada damage?

<p>Their size and age which provide resilience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do cicada eggs typically take to hatch?

<p>4-6 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might cicadas be perceived as a nuisance by people?

<p>They emit loud, high-pitched sounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scoring criteria are primarily used in street skateboarding competitions?

<p>Board control, trick variety, and overall style (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which event of sport climbing is precision climbing required?

<p>Speed climbing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How will the scoring for sport climbing differ at the Paris 2024 Olympics compared to the Tokyo Games?

<p>Bouldering and lead climbing scores will be combined, treating speed climbing independently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline in skateboarding requires skaters to navigate a course with obstacles and surfaces?

<p>Park skateboarding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the height of the wall used in lead climbing events?

<p>49 feet (15 m) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Revolutionary War Drawing

A pen-and-ink sketch depicting a scene from the American Revolutionary War.

Historical Significance

The importance of a historical artifact in understanding past events.

Continental Army Uniform

The military dress worn by soldiers representing the thirteen American colonies during the American Revolutionary War.

Eyewitness Artwork Identification

Determining if a historical artwork or sketch was created by someone who saw the event.

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Private Collection Discovery

Finding historical artifacts or artworks in personal collections, often years after their creation.

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North Carolina Troops Sketch

A 15x5 inch ink sketch depicting North Carolina troops marching through Philadelphia in 1777, likely before the Battle of Brandywine.

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Pierre Eugene du Simitiere

The Swiss artist who drew the sketch of the North Carolina troops.

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Battle of Brandywine

A significant Revolutionary War battle. The sketch depicts North Carolina troops likely just before this battle.

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"women in the Continental Army"

The sketch highlights the important roles of women in the Continental Army, not only on the battlefield, doing tasks like cooking or medical care, but also important figures in this historical picture.

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Revolutionary War sketch Significance

Sketches such as this sketch provide a glimpse into everyday life, illustrating the hardships and joys soldiers lived through in the Continental army beyond the battlefield.

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Crab Spider Camouflage

Male and female crab spiders work together to match the appearance of a flower, blending into the environment for survival.

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Mimicry in Nature

The process of an organism resembling another organism or object in its environment.

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Sexual Camouflage

A behaviour of certain spiders that work together to combine camouflage.

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Flower Mimicry (Spiders)

The adaptation of male and female spiders to appear like flower parts ( pistils/stamens) and petals.

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Animal Camouflage

The ability of an animal to blend into its surroundings for protection.

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Ichthyosaur

A type of marine reptile that lived during the Triassic and Jurassic periods.

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Fossil Discovery

Finding preserved remains of ancient organisms or evidence of prehistoric life.

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Amateur Paleontologists

People who study fossils without formal training in paleontology; often discovering new fossils.

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Blue Anchor Beach

A location in Somerset, England known for Triassic-era fossils.

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Significant Discovery

A finding that leads to new knowledge or understanding about a particular time period that is notable and important.

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Female Crab Spider Camouflage

A survival strategy where female crab spiders change color to match their surroundings, protecting them from predators.

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Male Crab Spider Color

Male crab spiders are typically darker than females and less often use camouflage.

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Cooperative Mimicry

A new finding: male and female spiders working together to blend into their environment for improved survival.

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Wu and Gao's Research

A study presenting the first evidence of spiders working together to mimic their surroundings.

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Expanded Niche

Improved survival and hunting abilities resulting from cooperation, enabling spiders to exploit a broader range of habitats.

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Ichthyosaur Jaw Length

Estimated at over six feet (1.8 meters) for the excavated section.

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Estimated Ichthyosaur Length

A potential 80 feet (24 meters) - the equivalent of 2 buses.

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New Ichthyosaur Species

Named Ichthyotitan severnensis (giant fish lizard of the Severn).

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Fossil Discovery Date

October 2022.

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Co-authors of Study

Ruby and Justin are listed among the publication's co-authors, in 2024, (age 15).

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Cicada Harm to Humans

Cicadas are harmless to people, despite loud noises and swarms.

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Cicada Damage to Trees

Female cicadas lay eggs in twigs, potentially harming young trees by severing food supply.

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Cicada Life Cycle Stage

Adult cicadas live a brief period after laying eggs before dying, returning nutrients to the environment.

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Cicada Egg Hatching Time

Cicada eggs typically hatch within 4 to 6 weeks.

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Cicada Underground Life

Young cicadas burrow underground for 13 or 17 years before emerging as adults.

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Periodical Cicadas

Cicadas that emerge every 13 or 17 years to reproduce and then die, spending most of their lives underground feeding on tree sap.

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13/17-year Cycle

The periodic emergence of periodical cicadas, linked to prime numbers to evade predators with shorter cycles.

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Brood XIX

One of the periodical cicada broods with a 13-year cycle.

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Brood XIII

One of the periodical cicada broods with a 17-year cycle.

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Simultaneous Emergence

Two periodical cicada broods emerging together, a rare event that hasn't occurred in 221 years.

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2024 Olympics new sports

The Paris 2024 Olympics added breaking, skateboarding, surfing, and sport climbing.

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Breaking (Dance)

An urban dance style featuring intricate footwork, rapid movements, spins, and flips originated in NYC in the 1970s.

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Surfing Olympic debut

Surfing first appeared in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and will return to Paris 2024.

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Paris 2024 Olympic Dates

The Paris 2024 Olympics will begin on July 26 and surfing events will happen from July 27 to August 5.

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Number of Competitors in Breaking

16 competitors will participate in each breaking event (men's and women's) in the Paris 2024 Olympics.

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Skateboarding disciplines

Skateboarding competitions include park and street disciplines, evaluated on different criteria like maneuvers, speed, and flow.

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Park Skateboarding

A skateboarding discipline judged on height, speed, agility, and navigating obstacles and surfaces.

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Street Skateboarding

Skateboarding discipline involving urban environments, scored on tricks, board control, and style.

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Sport Climbing events

Sport climbing features bouldering, speed climbing, and lead climbing, with scoring methods.

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Paris 2024 Sport Climbing

Bouldering and lead climbing scores combined at Paris 2024, speed climbing separate event.

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