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Questions and Answers
What concept is central to the production process in the division of labor?
What concept is central to the production process in the division of labor?
- Task allocation (correct)
- Market saturation
- Resource depletion
- Employee satisfaction
Who is recognized as the Father of Geography for calculating the circumference of the earth?
Who is recognized as the Father of Geography for calculating the circumference of the earth?
- Eratosthenes (correct)
- Aristotle
- Noam Chomsky
- John Locke
Which of the following best describes the roles of parallels in geography?
Which of the following best describes the roles of parallels in geography?
- Measure distances east of the prime meridian
- Indicate political boundaries
- Represent climatic zones
- Measure distances north or south of the equator (correct)
What theory did Noam Chomsky propose regarding language acquisition?
What theory did Noam Chomsky propose regarding language acquisition?
What did Aristotle classify as one of the genuine forms of government?
What did Aristotle classify as one of the genuine forms of government?
According to John Locke, what can citizens do if the government exceeds its powers?
According to John Locke, what can citizens do if the government exceeds its powers?
Which term did Sigmund Freud introduce as a means of understanding emotional problems?
Which term did Sigmund Freud introduce as a means of understanding emotional problems?
What approach does governance under John Locke emphasize?
What approach does governance under John Locke emphasize?
What movement is characterized by the prominence of reason and critical thinking that influenced the development of social sciences?
What movement is characterized by the prominence of reason and critical thinking that influenced the development of social sciences?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four rules outlined by René Descartes in his Discourse on Method?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four rules outlined by René Descartes in his Discourse on Method?
Herodotus is known for being the first writer to perform systematic investigation of historical events. What title is often attributed to him?
Herodotus is known for being the first writer to perform systematic investigation of historical events. What title is often attributed to him?
Empiricism and rational thought were highly valued during which historical period, according to the content?
Empiricism and rational thought were highly valued during which historical period, according to the content?
Which of the following disciplines is considered a part of social sciences?
Which of the following disciplines is considered a part of social sciences?
What was a major ideological advancement during the Age of Enlightenment?
What was a major ideological advancement during the Age of Enlightenment?
Which aspect characterizes social sciences as opposed to natural sciences?
Which aspect characterizes social sciences as opposed to natural sciences?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects a principle of the Enlightenment?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects a principle of the Enlightenment?
What is the main perspective of cultural relativism?
What is the main perspective of cultural relativism?
Who is considered the Father of Human Demography?
Who is considered the Father of Human Demography?
What does Malthusian Theory primarily address?
What does Malthusian Theory primarily address?
What is a characteristic of laissez-faire economics?
What is a characteristic of laissez-faire economics?
According to the Malthusian Theory, what are preventive checks?
According to the Malthusian Theory, what are preventive checks?
Which of the following statements about race is correct?
Which of the following statements about race is correct?
What did Kautilya believe about population?
What did Kautilya believe about population?
What did Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations emphasize?
What did Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations emphasize?
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Study Notes
Historical Foundations of Social Science
- Emergence rooted in the Age of Enlightenment (17th-19th century).
- Descartes' "Discourse on Method" (1637) emphasized critical thinking and rationality.
- Four fundamental rules from Descartes:
- Accept only self-evident truths.
- Break down problems into simpler parts.
- Solve from simple to complex.
- Recheck reasoning.
Importance of Social Sciences
- Analyze and relate disciplines like anthropology, political science, and linguistics to current societal issues.
- Relevance in everyday life and understanding of social structures.
Key Figures in Social Science Disciplines
- Herodotus: "Father of History," performed systematic investigations of historical events and practices ethnography.
- Franz Boas: "Father of American Anthropology," introduced cultural relativism and emphasized race as a social construct.
Demography
- Kautilya: Ancient scholar noted for linking large populations to strength in various domains.
- John Graunt: "Father of Human Demography," pioneered statistical inference and population sampling.
- Thomas Robert Malthus: Proposed Malthusian Theory outlining:
- Positive Checks: Natural events that reduce population.
- Preventive Checks: Delayed marriage and childbearing to control growth.
Economics
- Adam Smith: "Father of Economics," introduced concepts of capitalism in "Wealth of Nations" (1776).
- Advocated for laissez-faire economics and division of labor to enhance productivity.
Geography
- Eratosthenes: "Father of Geography," calculated the earth's circumference, contributing to global understanding through parallels (latitude) and meridians (longitude).
Linguistics
- Noam Chomsky: "Father of Linguistics," developed theories on language acquisition and universal grammar.
Political Science
- Aristotle: Identified genuine (common interest) versus corrupted (self-interest) government forms:
- Monarchy vs. Tyranny
- Aristocracy vs. Oligarchy
- Polity vs. Democracy
- John Locke: Advocated for limited government, asserting citizen rights to overthrow unjust authorities.
Psychology
- Sigmund Freud: Introduced psychoanalysis as a method to explore the unconscious mind for understanding emotional issues.
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