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Questions and Answers

What concept is central to the production process in the division of labor?

Task allocation (correct)

Market saturation

Resource depletion

Employee satisfaction

Who is recognized as the Father of Geography for calculating the circumference of the earth?

Eratosthenes (correct)

Aristotle

Noam Chomsky

John Locke

Which of the following best describes the roles of parallels in geography?

Measure distances east of the prime meridian

Indicate political boundaries

Represent climatic zones

Measure distances north or south of the equator (correct)

What theory did Noam Chomsky propose regarding language acquisition?

Universal Grammar Theory Signup and view all the answers

What did Aristotle classify as one of the genuine forms of government?

Monarchy Signup and view all the answers

According to John Locke, what can citizens do if the government exceeds its powers?

Overthrow the government Signup and view all the answers

Which term did Sigmund Freud introduce as a means of understanding emotional problems?

Psychoanalysis Signup and view all the answers

What approach does governance under John Locke emphasize?

Limited government Signup and view all the answers

What movement is characterized by the prominence of reason and critical thinking that influenced the development of social sciences?

The Age of Enlightenment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four rules outlined by René Descartes in his Discourse on Method?

Solve problems by proceeding from complex to simple Signup and view all the answers

Herodotus is known for being the first writer to perform systematic investigation of historical events. What title is often attributed to him?

The Father of History Signup and view all the answers

Empiricism and rational thought were highly valued during which historical period, according to the content?

The Age of Enlightenment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disciplines is considered a part of social sciences?

Political Science Signup and view all the answers

What was a major ideological advancement during the Age of Enlightenment?

Advocacy for individual liberty and freedom of expression Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect characterizes social sciences as opposed to natural sciences?

Analysis of society and culture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a principle of the Enlightenment?

Reason should be the primary source of authority. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main perspective of cultural relativism?

All cultures are equal to one another. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the Father of Human Demography?

John Graunt Signup and view all the answers

What does Malthusian Theory primarily address?

The impact of natural phenomena on population size. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of laissez-faire economics?

A focus on competition without government interference. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Malthusian Theory, what are preventive checks?

Prudential actions like delaying marriage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about race is correct?

Race is a social construct used for group classification. Signup and view all the answers

What did Kautilya believe about population?

A large population strengthens a nation's military and economy. Signup and view all the answers

What did Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations emphasize?

Self-interest drives the use of resources for profit. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Emergence rooted in the Age of Enlightenment (17th-19th century).
Descartes' "Discourse on Method" (1637) emphasized critical thinking and rationality.
Four fundamental rules from Descartes:
- Accept only self-evident truths.
- Break down problems into simpler parts.
- Solve from simple to complex.
- Recheck reasoning.

Analyze and relate disciplines like anthropology, political science, and linguistics to current societal issues.
Relevance in everyday life and understanding of social structures.

Herodotus: "Father of History," performed systematic investigations of historical events and practices ethnography.
Franz Boas: "Father of American Anthropology," introduced cultural relativism and emphasized race as a social construct.

Demography

Kautilya: Ancient scholar noted for linking large populations to strength in various domains.
John Graunt: "Father of Human Demography," pioneered statistical inference and population sampling.
Thomas Robert Malthus: Proposed Malthusian Theory outlining:
- Positive Checks: Natural events that reduce population.
- Preventive Checks: Delayed marriage and childbearing to control growth.

Economics

Adam Smith: "Father of Economics," introduced concepts of capitalism in "Wealth of Nations" (1776).
Advocated for laissez-faire economics and division of labor to enhance productivity.

Geography

Eratosthenes: "Father of Geography," calculated the earth's circumference, contributing to global understanding through parallels (latitude) and meridians (longitude).

Linguistics

Noam Chomsky: "Father of Linguistics," developed theories on language acquisition and universal grammar.

Political Science

Aristotle: Identified genuine (common interest) versus corrupted (self-interest) government forms:
- Monarchy vs. Tyranny
- Aristocracy vs. Oligarchy
- Polity vs. Democracy
John Locke: Advocated for limited government, asserting citizen rights to overthrow unjust authorities.

Psychology

Sigmund Freud: Introduced psychoanalysis as a method to explore the unconscious mind for understanding emotional issues.

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