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Questions and Answers
Which aspect of work did the Hawthorne studies focus on?
What was the primary purpose of techniques like linear programming and queuing theory developed during World War II?
What was the primary goal of total quality management (TQM) and lean manufacturing in the post-war era?
How did computer technology in the late 20th century impact operation management?
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How have recent trends like globalization and the rise of e-commerce influenced operation management?
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Which of the following was a key focus of the Hawthorne studies?
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Who is known as the father of scientific management?
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Which century saw the roots of operation management traced back to the Industrial Revolution?
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What was one of the key factors that drove the significant evolution of operation management according to the text?
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What concept did Frederick Taylor emphasize in improving efficiency and productivity in manufacturing processes?
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In what period did the Hawthorne studies emerge, making a significant contribution to operation management?
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Which term is commonly used to describe the effective and efficient management of an organization's resources?
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Study Notes
Historical Development of Operation Management
- The Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century marked the beginning of operation management, with a shift from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing processes.
- The early 20th century saw the emergence of scientific management, pioneered by Frederick Taylor, who introduced methods to improve efficiency and productivity in manufacturing.
Hawthorne Studies
- Conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago, these studies focused on the social and psychological aspects of work.
- The studies highlighted the importance of human factors in productivity and sparked a shift towards a more people-centric approach in operation management.
World War II and Operation Management
- During World War II, operation management gained importance as organizations managed complex supply chains and production processes to support the war efforts.
- Techniques like linear programming, queuing theory, and inventory control were developed to optimize resource allocation and improve decision-making.
Post-War Era and the Rise of Mass Production
- The post-war era saw the emergence of concepts like total quality management (TQM) and lean manufacturing, which aimed to improve product quality, reduce waste, and increase customer satisfaction.
Advent of Computer Technology
- The late 20th century saw the advent of computer technology, which brought about advancements in operation management.
- Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM), enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and advanced analytics tools enabled organizations to streamline operations, enhance efficiency, and make data-driven decisions.
Recent Developments in Operation Management
- Recent trends in operation management include globalization, the rise of e-commerce, and the adoption of agile methodologies to respond to rapidly changing market conditions.
- Organizations are now managing global supply chains, leveraging technology to enhance logistics and inventory management.
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Description
Explore the historical development of operation management, tracing its roots back to the Industrial Revolution and examining its evolution over the years driven by factors like technological advancements and globalization.
