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Questions and Answers
What are the three major components to effective historical thinking?
What ethical obligations do all historians have according to Ludmilla Jordanova?
How was history used to control minds according to the text?
What term is used in the text to describe a distorted version of history that hides insensitive motivations?
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According to Renato Constantino, what did the Americans hide from the succeeding generations of Filipinos?
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What is one role fictional history played according to the text?
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What is the primary purpose of external criticism?
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Which of the following is NOT a test of authenticity in external criticism?
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What is the primary focus of internal criticism?
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Which of the following is NOT a test of credibility in internal criticism?
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What is the purpose of determining the approximate date of a document in internal criticism?
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What is the purpose of corroboration in internal criticism?
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Study Notes
Effective Historical Thinking
- Three key components: contextualization, sourcing, and interpretation.
- Contextualization involves understanding the environment in which events occur.
- Sourcing focuses on evaluating the origins and purposes of historical documents.
- Interpretation requires analyzing and synthesizing information to derive meaning.
Ethical Obligations of Historians
- Historians must strive for accuracy and fairness in their work.
- They have a responsibility to acknowledge biases and present multiple perspectives.
- Ethical historical practice includes the commitment to disclose sources and methods used in research.
History as a Tool for Control
- History has been utilized to shape beliefs and ideologies, influencing public perception and national identity.
- Specific narratives can promote certain political agendas or suppress inconvenient truths.
Distorted History
- The term "history of the victors" describes a skewed version of history that omits uncomfortable truths and motivations.
- This term highlights the selectivity in historical narratives to present a more favorable perspective.
Americal Influence in the Philippines
- According to Renato Constantino, Americans concealed the harsh realities of colonial rule from future generations of Filipinos.
- This omission aimed to promote a more positive view of American presence and governance.
Role of Fictional History
- Fictional history serves to engage audiences and provoke thought, allowing exploration of alternative narratives and scenarios.
- It can sanitize historical events for broader acceptance or entertainment.
External Criticism
- The primary purpose is to verify the authenticity of historical documents.
- This involves testing the document's age, authorship, and context to assess its legitimacy.
Tests of Authenticity
- Common tests of authenticity in external criticism include examining the physical characteristics of documents.
- Elements such as ink, parchment, and handwriting are analyzed.
Internal Criticism Focus
- The primary focus is on assessing the credibility and accuracy of the information presented in documents.
- It evaluates the context and motivations behind the content.
Tests of Credibility
- Not all aspects of the document contribute to its credibility; subjective interpretations may not count as credible tests in internal criticism.
Document Dating Purpose
- Determining the approximate date aids in contextualizing the document within historical timelines and events.
- A precise date helps establish relevance and accuracy in relation to other historical facts.
Purpose of Corroboration
- Corroboration aims to confirm findings by comparing multiple sources or accounts.
- This process strengthens the reliability and validity of the historical narrative being constructed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Historical Criticism and External Criticism in history. Learn how to analyze and evaluate sources for authenticity and reliability through internal and external criticism techniques.
