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What is a common symptom of a panic attack?
What is a common symptom of a panic attack?
What characterizes panic disorder?
What characterizes panic disorder?
Generalized anxiety disorder is defined by anxiety and worry occurring for how long?
Generalized anxiety disorder is defined by anxiety and worry occurring for how long?
Which of the following cognitive theories result in anxiety?
Which of the following cognitive theories result in anxiety?
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Which neurotransmitter is believed to be involved in the etiology of panic disorder?
Which neurotransmitter is believed to be involved in the etiology of panic disorder?
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What is NOT a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
What is NOT a symptom of generalized anxiety disorder?
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What defines a phobia?
What defines a phobia?
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Which of the following is a psychodynamic explanation for anxiety?
Which of the following is a psychodynamic explanation for anxiety?
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What is ascites primarily a response to?
What is ascites primarily a response to?
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What serious complication may arise from hepatic encephalopathy?
What serious complication may arise from hepatic encephalopathy?
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Which of the following medications can help decrease blood ammonia levels?
Which of the following medications can help decrease blood ammonia levels?
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What is a common short-term effect of alcohol use on sexual function?
What is a common short-term effect of alcohol use on sexual function?
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What symptoms are typically associated with alcohol withdrawal?
What symptoms are typically associated with alcohol withdrawal?
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What causes thrombocytopenia in patients with a history of alcohol use?
What causes thrombocytopenia in patients with a history of alcohol use?
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At what blood alcohol level does alcohol intoxication typically occur?
At what blood alcohol level does alcohol intoxication typically occur?
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What condition is characterized by the distention of esophageal veins?
What condition is characterized by the distention of esophageal veins?
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What symptom is characteristic of peripheral neuropathy caused by alcohol use?
What symptom is characteristic of peripheral neuropathy caused by alcohol use?
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What is a potential result of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics?
What is a potential result of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics?
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Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining due to alcohol use?
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining due to alcohol use?
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What serious condition can result from untreated Wernicke's encephalopathy?
What serious condition can result from untreated Wernicke's encephalopathy?
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What is a common complication associated with cirrhosis of the liver?
What is a common complication associated with cirrhosis of the liver?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with alcoholic hepatitis?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with alcoholic hepatitis?
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What is a likely consequence of chronic pancreatitis related to alcohol use?
What is a likely consequence of chronic pancreatitis related to alcohol use?
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What condition can result in paralysis of the ocular muscles as a result of heavy alcohol use?
What condition can result in paralysis of the ocular muscles as a result of heavy alcohol use?
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What is the average age of onset for bipolar disorder?
What is the average age of onset for bipolar disorder?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar I disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar I disorder?
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Which type of bipolar disorder is characterized by hypomania but never a full manic episode?
Which type of bipolar disorder is characterized by hypomania but never a full manic episode?
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What is a common predisposing factor for mood disorders?
What is a common predisposing factor for mood disorders?
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Which of the following describes cyclothymic disorder?
Which of the following describes cyclothymic disorder?
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What defines hypomania in bipolar disorder?
What defines hypomania in bipolar disorder?
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Which statement is true regarding substance-induced bipolar disorder?
Which statement is true regarding substance-induced bipolar disorder?
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What is a significant risk factor for bipolar disorder identified in family studies?
What is a significant risk factor for bipolar disorder identified in family studies?
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What is a common symptom of Stage 2 cognitive decline?
What is a common symptom of Stage 2 cognitive decline?
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Which stage of cognitive decline is characterized by noticeable changes in work performance?
Which stage of cognitive decline is characterized by noticeable changes in work performance?
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At what stage do individuals often forget significant personal events?
At what stage do individuals often forget significant personal events?
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What is a common behavior seen in Stage 4 cognitive decline?
What is a common behavior seen in Stage 4 cognitive decline?
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Which statement is true about Stage 5 cognitive decline?
Which statement is true about Stage 5 cognitive decline?
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What feeling may individuals experience during Stage 2 cognitive decline?
What feeling may individuals experience during Stage 2 cognitive decline?
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What is a sign of mild cognitive decline in Stage 3?
What is a sign of mild cognitive decline in Stage 3?
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How do individuals in Stage 5 cognitive decline typically feel about their knowledge of themselves?
How do individuals in Stage 5 cognitive decline typically feel about their knowledge of themselves?
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Which characteristic is associated with somatic symptom disorder?
Which characteristic is associated with somatic symptom disorder?
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What is the primary treatment modality for dissociative amnesia?
What is the primary treatment modality for dissociative amnesia?
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What symptom is characteristic of conversion disorder?
What symptom is characteristic of conversion disorder?
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Which is a common psychological factor associated with illness anxiety disorder?
Which is a common psychological factor associated with illness anxiety disorder?
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Which factor likely contributes to somatic symptom disorders?
Which factor likely contributes to somatic symptom disorders?
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What is an essential feature of dissociative identity disorder?
What is an essential feature of dissociative identity disorder?
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Which is a predictor of higher prevalence in conversion disorder?
Which is a predictor of higher prevalence in conversion disorder?
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How do psychological factors typically influence somatic symptom disorders?
How do psychological factors typically influence somatic symptom disorders?
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What psychological defense mechanism is observed in illness anxiety disorder?
What psychological defense mechanism is observed in illness anxiety disorder?
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What is a common treatment for depersonalization-derealization disorder?
What is a common treatment for depersonalization-derealization disorder?
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Which disorder is characterized by an inability to recall important personal information?
Which disorder is characterized by an inability to recall important personal information?
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What is identified as a defining symptom of depersonalization?
What is identified as a defining symptom of depersonalization?
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In the context of treatment for somatic symptom disorders, what is an important approach?
In the context of treatment for somatic symptom disorders, what is an important approach?
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What characterizes the psychological effects within learning theory related to somatic complaints?
What characterizes the psychological effects within learning theory related to somatic complaints?
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Study Notes
Historical Concepts of Mental Illness
- Early beliefs often attributed mental illness to demonic possession or witchcraft.
- Treatments in the past often involved harsh and violent methods.
- 18th-century Philadelphia saw the first hospital in America to admit patients with mental illness.
- Benjamin Rush is considered the "father of American psychiatry."
- Dorothea Dix established the first asylums in America in the 19th century.
- Psychiatric nursing began in 1873.
Defining Mental Health and Illness
- Mental health is defined as adaptation to internal and external stressors, evidenced by appropriate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Mental illness involves maladaptive responses to stressors, characterized by behaviors incongruent with local and cultural norms interfering with social, occupational, or physical functioning.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs, safety is at the top level.
- Anxiety and grief are two typical physiological response patterns to stress.
Peplau's Anxiety Levels
- Mild anxiety: Usually not problematic, individuals utilize coping behaviors to address the need.
- Moderate anxiety: The perceptual field narrows, but the individual can still focus on their surroundings and solve problems.
- Severe anxiety: The perceptual field diminishes significantly, significantly impacting ability for concentration and problem-solving.
- Panic anxiety: The individual loses contact with reality, unable to process environmental stimuli.
Defense Mechanisms
- Compensation: Emphasizing a desirable trait to offset a perceived weakness.
- Rationalization: Creating logical explanations to justify feelings or behaviors.
- Denial: Refusing to acknowledge a situation or associated feelings
- Reaction formation: Exaggerating behaviors opposite of unacceptable thoughts
Grief Response (Kubler-Ross's Stages)
- Five stages of grief: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
- Grief process duration is highly individualized.
- Factors like prior relationship dynamics may influence the experience of grief.
General Adaptation Syndrome
- Alarm reaction: The initial "fight or flight" response to a stressor.
- Stage of resistance: The body attempts to adapt or cope with the continued stressor.
- Stage of exhaustion: The body's resources are depleted due to ongoing exposure to stress.
Principles of Therapeutic Communication
- Offering self: Make yourself available to the client.
- Giving broad openings: Allow the client to choose what to talk about.
- Making observations: Verbally noting what you observe and perceive.
- Encouraging description of perceptions: Help the client to describe what they are experiencing.
Other Therapeutic Communication Skills
- Exploring: Delving further into a topic.
- Seeking clarification: To help the client express their feelings in more specific or explicit detail.
- Voicing doubt: Expressing uncertainty to help explore the situation.
- Responding to the implied: Identifying and expressing the feelings behind stated ideas.
- Restating/Reflecting: Rephrasing the clients' words to clarify understanding.
- Focusing: Helping the client concentrate on one topic.
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Description
Explore the evolution of mental illness concepts from early beliefs to modern definitions. This quiz covers significant historical figures, treatment methods, and the establishment of mental health institutions. Understand how societal perceptions have shaped mental health care over the years.
