Historical Approach to Retail Change and Marketing Models Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What theory did Alchain advance in 1950?

  • Theory of natural selection in retailing (correct)
  • Structural change model in retail systems
  • Theory of environmental determinism
  • Schumpeter's two types of competition

    • What does the theory of environmental determinism, developed by Markin and Duncan in 1981, focus on?

  • The process of adapting to environmental factors based on Darwinism (correct)
  • The impact of disruptive competition on retail changes
  • The importance of comparative studies in understanding retail change
  • The level of retail specialization as a function of environmental economics

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in Bucklin's model of structural change in retail systems?

  • Theory of natural selection
  • Comparative studies (correct)
  • Level of retail specialization
  • Environmental economics

    • What two main types of competition did Bliss use to explain retail changes?

    <p>Normal and disruptive competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach does the author suggest for understanding contemporary retail change?

    <p>Using a historical approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the author emphasize as important for analyzing retail change?

    <p>The importance of environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Accordion Theory, what is the cycle of retail change described by Hollander?

    <p>General shops -&gt; specialty shops -&gt; general shops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that retailers start as low-cost operators but eventually increase prices and services as they mature?

    <p>Wheel of Retailing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Three-Wheel Retailing theory, what drives retail change?

    <p>The conflict between the three wheels: conventional stores, low-order innovators, and high-order stores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that retail institutions follow a pattern of natural selection, where new and innovative retailers eventually displace mature retailers?

    <p>Wheel of Retailing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Historical Approach to studying retail change?

    <p>Developing a synthetic approach by combining marketing models (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that retail change is driven by the penetration of different types of retailing institutions?

    <p>Three-Wheel Retailing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of discount stores?

    <p>Offering a wide range of products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest is a key factor behind the scenes at retail?

    <p>Corporations and independent store owners are always trying to get the edge on their competitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 'evolution of retail management' described?

    <p>As a highly sophisticated form of management and marketing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the perspective of early studies on retail change?

    <p>They focused on the perspective of retail institution change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Retail Sales report?

    <p>A measure of the consumer spending and an important indicator of the US GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the relationship between retailers and manufacturing companies?

    <p>Retailers represent the culmination of the marketing process and the contact point between consumers and manufactured products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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