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Questions and Answers
What were written tests used for in ancient China?
What were written tests used for in ancient China?
To assess language competence for prospective civil servants
How were tests used in Greek education?
How were tests used in Greek education?
To assess mastery in physical and intellectual skills
What did European universities rely on in the middle ages for awarding degrees and honors?
What did European universities rely on in the middle ages for awarding degrees and honors?
Formal examinations
What was common before the 19th century for psychologically disturbed or intellectually disabled individuals?
What was common before the 19th century for psychologically disturbed or intellectually disabled individuals?
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What characterized mental retardation according to the text?
What characterized mental retardation according to the text?
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Study Notes
Ancient China
- Written tests were used to select government officials in ancient China
Greek Education
- Tests were used to evaluate students' knowledge and mastery of subjects in Greek education
Medieval European Universities
- Oral examinations were relied on for awarding degrees and honors in European universities during the Middle Ages
Treatment of Intellectually Disabled Individuals
- Before the 19th century, individuals who were psychologically disturbed or intellectually disabled were often institutionalized or ostracized
Mental Retardation
- Mental retardation was characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors
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