Historical Antecedents in Science and Technology

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Questions and Answers

What was a primary concern for ancient civilizations related to transportation?

Exploring new horizons (correct)

Enhancing communication alone

Developing artistic expressions

Increasing agricultural production

Which civilization is credited with the development of the first writing system known as cuneiform?

Egyptians

Sumerians (correct)

Indus Valley Civilization

Chinese

What role did engineering play in ancient societies?

Focusing solely on artistic creation

Primarily concerned with agricultural tools

Integrating various needs such as transportation and protection (correct)

Only for military advancements

What was a significant feature of the Sumerian civilization?

Founding of the first cities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enhances the understanding of cuneiform?

It utilizes triangular symbols and word pictures Signup and view all the answers

In ancient times, which aspect was NOT a concern for communities?

Advanced financial systems Signup and view all the answers

What challenge did ancient civilizations face that influenced their development?

Conservation of life Signup and view all the answers

Which invention is linked to the advancements in Sumerian civilization?

Cuneiform for record-keeping Signup and view all the answers

What were the first newspapers in the Roman Empire known as?

Gazettes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Roman architecture is true?

It is considered a continuation of Greek architecture. Signup and view all the answers

How did the invention of paper impact civilizations?

It made it easier to document events. Signup and view all the answers

What beverage was believed to have been first consumed by a Chinese emperor?

Tea Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary uses of gunpowder when it was first developed by Chinese alchemists?

To achieve immortality Signup and view all the answers

What structure was once believed to be the only man-made thing visible from outer space?

The Great Wall of China Signup and view all the answers

Which invention did Johann Gutenberg create that revolutionized printing?

Printing press Signup and view all the answers

What was the key role of the microscope in medicine?

To discover new ways of treating illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the significant challenges in constructing the city of Uruk?

Lack of building stones and limited lumber Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ziggurat of Ur also referred to as?

The mountain of god Signup and view all the answers

How did the Sumerians primarily transport goods before the invention of the wheel?

Via waterways such as rivers and seas Signup and view all the answers

In what way were the first wheels invented by the Sumerians originally utilized?

For farm work and food processes Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement allowed the Sumerians to enhance travel efficiency?

The development of the first roads Signup and view all the answers

What remarkable feature is attributed to the hanging gardens of Babylon?

They consisted of layers of various plants, trees, and vines Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is recognized for its engineering feats, particularly in relation to the pyramids?

Egyptian civilization Signup and view all the answers

What significant invention did Egyptian civilization contribute to literature and record-keeping?

Paper or papyrus Signup and view all the answers

What material did the Egyptians use to create their ink?

Soot and chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of cosmetics in ancient Egypt?

For health and aesthetic reasons Signup and view all the answers

Which invention utilized gravity and water flow in ancient Egypt?

Clepsydra (Water clock) Signup and view all the answers

What significant system of writing was developed by ancient Egyptians?

Hieroglyphics Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the ancient Greek contributions to timekeeping devices?

Alarm clock Signup and view all the answers

How did the ancient Greeks primarily use watermills?

Grain milling Signup and view all the answers

What was the perception of the Roman Empire in relation to its influence?

Strongest political and social entity Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is known as the birthplace of western philosophy?

Greek civilization Signup and view all the answers

What process did Louis Pasteur invent to prevent dairy products from spoiling quickly?

Pasteurization Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary purposes of developing weaponries during the middle ages?

As offensive and defensive tools Signup and view all the answers

Which invention by Samuel M. Kier played a significant role in lighting homes?

Kerosene Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the Salamander amphibious tricycle?

It can operate in flooded areas and water bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which invention is credited to Aisa Mijeno, utilizing locally abundant resources in the Philippines?

Salt lamp Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation serves to maintain suitable conditions for newborns, particularly pre-term babies?

Medical incubator Signup and view all the answers

What makes the mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system (OL Trap) notable?

It is made of natural, safe ingredients Signup and view all the answers

What significant transportation innovation emerged in the Philippines?

Ejeepney Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Outcomes

Students should understand the reciprocal impact of science and technology on society and the environment.
Identify significant inventions and discoveries throughout history.
Discuss scientific and technological advancements in the Philippines.

Ancient Times

Concerns included transportation, communication, mass production, security, health, aesthetics, and architecture.
Transportation was crucial for exploration and discovering new territories.
Communication facilitated the establishment of places and alliances among tribes.
Weapons and armors were vital for protection and creating new alliances.
Engineering emerged to address challenges in transportation and infrastructure development.

Sumerian Civilization

Located in southern Mesopotamia; it laid the groundwork for human civilization between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
Major contributions included the first cities and innovations in transportation, literature, and monumental architecture.
Cuneiform was developed as the first writing system, utilizing symbols carved on clay.
Uruk city was recognized as the first true city, showcasing sophisticated construction techniques.
The Ziggurat of Ur exemplified Sumerian architectural prowess.
Sumerians developed irrigation systems to support food production amidst environmental challenges.
Sailboats were the primary mode of transport before the invention of the wheel.
The wheel was initially used for agricultural applications, enhancing farming efficiency.
The plow marked the transition from gathering to cultivating food resources.
First roads were constructed to improve travel efficiency.

Babylonian Civilization

Emerged near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known for engineering and architectural achievements.
Famous for the Hanging Gardens, considered one of the ancient wonders.

Egyptian Civilization

Located in North Africa, famous for monumental engineering feats.
Developed paper (papyrus) which advanced writing techniques.
Invented ink to improve writing, greatly influencing documentation practices.
Hieroglyphics emerged as a writing system using symbols for communication.
Introduced cosmetics for health and aesthetic purposes, showcasing cultural practices.
Innovations also included wigs and the water clock (clepsydra), which utilized gravity for timekeeping.

Greek Civilization

Known as the birthplace of Western philosophy and advancements in mathematics and science.
Invented the alarm clock to signal time management.
Watermills were significant innovations aiding agricultural processing.

Roman Civilization

Known for their strong political and social structures in the ancient world.
The invention of newspapers (gazettes) promoted communication of governmental updates.
Development of bound books (codex) facilitated more comprehensive record-keeping.
Roman architecture paralleled Greek styles, showcasing engineering mastery.
Roman numerals were adapted for better communication in trade and calculations.

Chinese Civilization

Recognized as the oldest civilization in Asia.
Silk production facilitated trade routes with the rest of the world.
Tea was produced by boiling water with tea leaves, originating from Chinese culture.
The Great Wall of China exemplified extensive infrastructure achievements.
Gunpowder was developed by alchemists originally seeking immortality.

Medieval/Middle Ages

Characterized by invasions and migrations, leading to wars and instability.
Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press, revolutionizing printing methods.
Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound microscope, enhancing medical investigations.
Telescopes emerged, driven by exploration needs.
Advances in weaponry were critical for both offensive and defensive strategies.

Modern Times

The 19th century saw population growth demanding higher production rates.
Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization to prolong the shelf-life of dairy products.
Samuel M. Kier refined petroleum to produce kerosene as an alternative to animal oils.
Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone transformed communication.
Modern calculators revolutionized arithmetic calculations, leading to computational advancements.

Philippine Inventions

Salamander Amphibious Tricycle: Capable of traversing flooded streets, rivers, and lakes—ideal for an archipelago.
Salt Lamp: Invented by Aisa Mijeno, this eco-friendly light source uses saltwater.
Medical Incubator: Developed by Dr. Fe Delmundo from local materials, designed for premature infants without electricity.
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap System (OL Trap): A natural mosquito trap that's safe for humans and the environment.
Jeepney: A key innovation in Philippine transportation, transforming mobility and public transport.

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Description

This quiz covers Chapter 1 of the course focused on the historical antecedents in science and technology. Students will explore how science and technology have influenced society and the environment and vice versa. Additionally, the quiz aims to help students identify key inventions and discoveries that have shaped our world.