Historia de Colombia

Study Notes

Independence Movement

Lasted from 1810 to 1826
Led by Simón Bolívar, Francisco de Paula Santander, and other criollos (American-born Spaniards)
Goals: independence from Spain, unity of South America, and creation of a republic
Key events:
- 1810: Colombian patriots declare independence in Bogotá
- 1819: Bolívar's army defeats Spanish forces at the Battle of Boyacá
- 1821: Congress of Cúcuta establishes Gran Colombia (present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama)

La Violencia (1946-1957)

Period of civil unrest and violence between the Liberal and Conservative parties
Triggered by the assassination of Liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán in 1948
Characteristics:
- Political polarization and violence
- Land reform and peasant mobilization
- Rise of guerrilla groups and banditry
- Estimated 200,000-300,000 deaths

Separación de Panamá (Separation of Panama)

1903: Panama declares independence from Colombia with U.S. support
Causes:
- Economic and political tensions between Panama and Colombia
- U.S. interest in building the Panama Canal
- Colombian government's refusal to grant Panama autonomy
Consequences:
- Panama becomes an independent nation
- Colombia loses a significant portion of its territory

El Voto (The Vote)

1957: Women's suffrage is granted in Colombia
Key figures:
- María Currea Manrique, a leading feminist and suffragist
- The Women's Suffrage Movement, which advocated for women's right to vote
Impact:
- Increased political participation and representation of women
- Expansion of democracy and human rights

Guerra de los Mil Días (Thousand Days' War)

1899-1902: Civil war between the Liberal and Conservative parties
Causes:
- Political and economic tensions between the parties
- Disputes over government policies and leadership
- Regional and social divisions
Consequences:
- Estimated 100,000-150,000 deaths
- Destabilization of the country and economy

Toma del Palacio de Justicia (Storming of the Palace of Justice)

1985: M-19 guerrilla group takes over the Palace of Justice in Bogotá
Causes:
- M-19's demands for social and political reforms
- Frustration with the government's response to their demands
Consequences:
- Military intervention and 12-hour siege
- Estimated 100 deaths, including judges, civilians, and guerrilla members
- Destruction of the Palace of Justice and its archives

Description

Aprende sobre la independencia de Colombia, la violencia política y la lucha por la justicia en este país suramericano. Desde la lucha por la independencia hasta la toma del Palacio de Justicia, esta prueba te llevará a través de la historia de Colombia.