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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of fixation in histopathology?
What is the primary purpose of fixation in histopathology?
The pH level for fixation must be lower than 6 to prevent excessive acidity.
The pH level for fixation must be lower than 6 to prevent excessive acidity.
False
What is the term used to describe the microscopic examination of tissues to study disease manifestations?
What is the term used to describe the microscopic examination of tissues to study disease manifestations?
Histopathology
The volume of the fixative should be __________ times the volume of the tissue to be fixed.
The volume of the fixative should be __________ times the volume of the tissue to be fixed.
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Match the steps of tissue processing with their descriptions:
Match the steps of tissue processing with their descriptions:
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Which temperature is suitable for rapid fixation of surgical specimens?
Which temperature is suitable for rapid fixation of surgical specimens?
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Hydrogen ion concentration does not affect fixation processes.
Hydrogen ion concentration does not affect fixation processes.
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Name one buffer that can be used in the fixative to maintain pH.
Name one buffer that can be used in the fixative to maintain pH.
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Study Notes
Histopathologic Techniques
- Involves preparing tissues for microscopic examination.
- Histopathology examines tissue to study disease manifestations.
Factors Affecting Fixation
- Volume of Fixative: Should be 10-20 times greater than the volume of the tissue being fixed.
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Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH): Must range from 6 to 8 to prevent excessive acidity.
- Hypoxia can lower tissue pH; buffering in fixatives is necessary.
- Excessive acidity can cause the formation of formalin-heme pigment, resulting in black, polarized deposits in tissues.
- Recommended buffers: phosphates, bicarbonate, cacodylate, veronal.
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Temperature:
- Room Temperature (RT) fixation using formalin is standard.
- Formalin at 60°C can facilitate rapid fixation for urgent biopsy specimens.
- Formalin at 100°C is useful for fixing tissues infected with tuberculosis.
Steps in Tissue Processing
- Fixation: Most critical step; prevents autolysis and putrefaction, preserves tissue near its living state.
- Dehydration: Removing water content from tissues.
- Clearing: Preparing tissue to transition from alcohol to paraffin.
- Infiltration: Impregnation of tissue with a medium (usually paraffin).
- Embedding: Involves retaining the infiltrated tissue in a solid medium.
- Trimming: Preparing the block for sectioning.
- Sectioning: Cutting thin slices of the embedded tissue for examination.
- Staining: Applying dyes to enhance visualization of tissue components.
- Mounting: Placing stained sections on slides for observation.
- Labeling: Identifying slides for future reference.
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Description
Explore the essential histopathologic techniques and the factors influencing fixation in tissue preparation for microscopic analysis. This quiz targets key concepts covered in Chapter 2 of the General Path, Histopath, and Cytopathology course for BSMT-3A students.
