Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the paraffin surrounding the tissue?
What is the primary function of the paraffin surrounding the tissue?
- To provide a smooth surface for sectioning
- To enable better staining of the tissue
- To preserve the tissue's structural integrity (correct)
- To prevent the tissue from drying out
During the trimming process, what is the average thickness the paraffin block is typically trimmed to?
During the trimming process, what is the average thickness the paraffin block is typically trimmed to?
- 1-5 μm
- 10-30 μm (correct)
- 5 μm
- 30-50 μm
What is the primary tool used for sectioning the tissue?
What is the primary tool used for sectioning the tissue?
- Scalpel
- Mold
- Water bath
- Microtome (correct)
What is the typical thickness of tissue sections prepared for microscopy?
What is the typical thickness of tissue sections prepared for microscopy?
What is the purpose of the water bath used in this process?
What is the purpose of the water bath used in this process?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the resolution of a light microscope?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the resolution of a light microscope?
Which type of microscope section would allow visualization of the entire length of a long, cylindrical structure, such as a muscle fiber?
Which type of microscope section would allow visualization of the entire length of a long, cylindrical structure, such as a muscle fiber?
What is the primary purpose of the rack stop on a microscope?
What is the primary purpose of the rack stop on a microscope?
Which of the following adjustment knobs is typically used with the high power objective lens?
Which of the following adjustment knobs is typically used with the high power objective lens?
The numerical aperture (NA) of an objective lens is primarily related to what aspect of microscopy?
The numerical aperture (NA) of an objective lens is primarily related to what aspect of microscopy?
If you want to see a cross-section of a blood vessel, what type of tissue section would be most appropriate?
If you want to see a cross-section of a blood vessel, what type of tissue section would be most appropriate?
Why is a higher numerical aperture (NA) generally desirable for microscopy?
Why is a higher numerical aperture (NA) generally desirable for microscopy?
Which of the following is NOT a potential risk associated with using too much force with the coarse adjustment knob?
Which of the following is NOT a potential risk associated with using too much force with the coarse adjustment knob?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the revolving nosepiece on a light microscope?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the revolving nosepiece on a light microscope?
Which of the following is NOT a direct contribution of Robert Hooke to the field of Histology?
Which of the following is NOT a direct contribution of Robert Hooke to the field of Histology?
Which of the following professionals would be most likely to work directly with a pathologist in a laboratory setting?
Which of the following professionals would be most likely to work directly with a pathologist in a laboratory setting?
Based on the provided content, which of the following is a key difference between 'Histology' and 'Pathology'?
Based on the provided content, which of the following is a key difference between 'Histology' and 'Pathology'?
What is the significance of 'cyto/kytos' in relation to Histology and Cytology?
What is the significance of 'cyto/kytos' in relation to Histology and Cytology?
According to the provided text, what is the key role of a pathologist in a laboratory?
According to the provided text, what is the key role of a pathologist in a laboratory?
Based on the context provided, which of the following would be considered a key tool used in both Histology and Pathology?
Based on the context provided, which of the following would be considered a key tool used in both Histology and Pathology?
What is the most significant difference between a pathologist and a histology technician, based on the content?
What is the most significant difference between a pathologist and a histology technician, based on the content?
Which part of the microscope is responsible for capturing light from an external source with a low voltage of about 100v?
Which part of the microscope is responsible for capturing light from an external source with a low voltage of about 100v?
What is the primary function of the Mechanical Stage?
What is the primary function of the Mechanical Stage?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Condenser?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Condenser?
Which of the following components is directly involved in the resolution of subcellular structures in thin tissue sections?
Which of the following components is directly involved in the resolution of subcellular structures in thin tissue sections?
Which component of the microscope acts as its support and carries the microscopic illuminator?
Which component of the microscope acts as its support and carries the microscopic illuminator?
Which of the following features is essential for obtaining a 3D view of a specimen's surface?
Which of the following features is essential for obtaining a 3D view of a specimen's surface?
What is the primary function of the Arm in a microscope?
What is the primary function of the Arm in a microscope?
Which part of the microscope is a hole that allows transmitted light to reach the stage from the light source?
Which part of the microscope is a hole that allows transmitted light to reach the stage from the light source?
The passage mentions that the most common stage is a mechanical stage. What does this suggest about the importance of the mechanical stage in microscopy?
The passage mentions that the most common stage is a mechanical stage. What does this suggest about the importance of the mechanical stage in microscopy?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the eyepiece in a microscope?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the eyepiece in a microscope?
Which component of a microscope is responsible for controlling the amount of light that reaches the specimen?
Which component of a microscope is responsible for controlling the amount of light that reaches the specimen?
What is the primary function of the objective lenses in a microscope?
What is the primary function of the objective lenses in a microscope?
Which of the following components is specifically designed to enhance the clarity of the image produced by a microscope?
Which of the following components is specifically designed to enhance the clarity of the image produced by a microscope?
How does the condenser focus knob impact the image produced by a microscope?
How does the condenser focus knob impact the image produced by a microscope?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the eyepiece tube?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the eyepiece tube?
How does the diaphragm contribute to the image quality produced by a microscope?
How does the diaphragm contribute to the image quality produced by a microscope?
Which of the following statements about objective lenses is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about objective lenses is TRUE?
What is the purpose of the Abbe condenser in a sophisticated microscope?
What is the purpose of the Abbe condenser in a sophisticated microscope?
Flashcards
Histology
Histology
The study of microanatomy of cells and tissues.
Cytology
Cytology
The study of cells, including structure and function.
Pathology
Pathology
The study and diagnosis of diseases through microscopic examination.
Histology Technicians
Histology Technicians
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Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
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Microscopy
Microscopy
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Bright Field Microscope
Bright Field Microscope
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Mechanical Stage
Mechanical Stage
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SEM
SEM
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Aperture
Aperture
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Microscopic Illuminator
Microscopic Illuminator
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Condenser
Condenser
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Head
Head
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Base
Base
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Arms
Arms
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Diaphragm
Diaphragm
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Paraffin Block
Paraffin Block
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Trimming
Trimming
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Microtome
Microtome
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Sectioning
Sectioning
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Water Bath
Water Bath
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Eyepiece
Eyepiece
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Eyepiece Tubes
Eyepiece Tubes
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Objective Lenses
Objective Lenses
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Abbe Condenser
Abbe Condenser
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Condenser Focus Knob
Condenser Focus Knob
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Magnification Power
Magnification Power
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Binocular Microscopes
Binocular Microscopes
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Monocular Microscopes
Monocular Microscopes
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Light Control
Light Control
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Scanner
Scanner
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LPO
LPO
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HPO
HPO
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OIO
OIO
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Revolving Nose Piece
Revolving Nose Piece
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Rack Stop
Rack Stop
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Longitudinal Section
Longitudinal Section
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Cross Section
Cross Section
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Oblique Section
Oblique Section
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Study Notes
BSMT Human Histology Chapter 1
-
Significance of histology to medical technology
- Histology technicians in USA study tissues (biopsy)
- Pathologists in Philippines diagnose tissue issues
- RMTs assist pathologists with abnormalities
- Histology studies microanatomy of cells and tissues
-
Definition of terms
- "-logy" or "logos" means study of
- Histology studies microanatomy of cells and tissues
- Pathology: Study of diseases via tissue samples
- Pathophysiology: Study of diseases' effects on tissues
-
Brief history
- Robert Hooke (17th century): Discovered cells
- Marcello Malpighi (17th century): Father of histology
- Robert Brown (17th century): Introduced the nucleus
- Matthias Schleiden/Theodor Schwann: Developed Cell Theory
-
Microscopy
- Bright-field microscope: Common, uses ordinary light
- Dark-field microscope: Detects specific bacteria, e.g. Treponema pallidum
- Phase-contrast microscope: Used to view living cells
-
Tissue Preparation / Importance of tissue sections
- Fixation (Formalin/Formaldehyde): Preserves tissue structure
- Dehydration (increasing alcohol concentration): Removes water
- Clearing (Xylene): Makes tissues translucent
- Infiltration (melted paraffin wax): Replaces organic solvent
- Embedding (melted paraffin wax): Encapsulates tissue in wax for stability
- Trimming (scalpel): Removes excess wax
- Sectioning (microtome): Cuts tissue into thin slices
- Staining (Hematoxylin & Eosin): Improves visibility under microscope using color dyes
-
Tissue Sectioning
- Longitudinal section: Cuts along the length of an organ
- Transverse section: Cuts across the length of an organ
- Oblique section: Cuts at an angle to the axis of an organ
-
Microscope parts & function
- Head/Body: Contains optical parts
- Base: Supports the microscope
- Arms/Support: Connects base and head
- Eyepiece: Magnifies image; typically 10x
- Eyepiece tubes: The holder of eyepieces
- Objective lenses: Various magnifications, typically 4x, 10x, 40x, 100x
- Revolving nosepiece: Holds objective lenses, adjustable
- Stage: Holds specimen; clips secure specimen
- Aperture: Allows light through the stage
- Microscopic illuminator: Provides light
- Condenser: Focuses light onto specimen
- Diaphragm: Controls light intensity
- Condenser focus knob: Adjusts light focus on specimen
- Rack stop: Prevents objective lens from hitting specimen
-
Mounting & Labelling
- Mounting (Canada balsam/nail polish): Preserves stained tissue
- Labelling (pencil/marker): Identifies specimens
-
Basic functions of cells - Structure of a typical cell and mitosis
-
Cytoplasm: Fluid within cell; supports organelles
- Ribosomes: Protein synthesis
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Synthesis & transport of proteins and lipids
- Rough ER: Ribosomes attached, protein synthesis
- Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis
- Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
- Mitochondria: Produces energy (ATP)
- Lysosomes: Digest waste and cellular debris
- Peroxisomes: Break down fatty acids
- Cytoskeleton: Network of fibers maintaining shape and structure
-
Nucleus (cell command center)
- Nuclear envelope: Membrane surrounding nucleus
- Perinuclear space: Space between inner and outer nuclear membrane
- Nuclear lamina: Structural support for inner membrane
- Chromatin: DNA & proteins
- Nucleolus: rRNA synthesis
- Nucleoplasm: Fluid within nucleus
-
Cell division (mitosis)
- Prophase - chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase - Chromosomes line up
- Anaphase - Sister chromatids separate
- Telophase - Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes reform
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