Histology Review

• A diagram identifies the process of adding plasma membrane, resembling exocytosis, but lacking granules.
• Protein translocation to a membrane occurs most commonly in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
• Plasma cells in connective tissue produce antigen-binding proteins.
• Inner membrane of the mitochondria contains ATP synthase.
• Paneth cells are located in the small intestine.
• Enteroendocrine cells secrete somatostatin and serotonin.
• Primordial germ cells/spermatogonia migrate from the yolk sac to the seminiferous tubules.
• Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier.
• Blocking LH production in a male can cause testicular atrophy.
• Rapid choline uptake by type II pneumocytes.
• Substances injected into veins may remain in the lungs' capillary beds.
• Albumin does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
• Mutations in spectrin can cause red blood cells to appear as spherocytes.
• Spermatids have highly compact nuclei containing many histones.
• Exposing cells to 3H leads to a 40% concentration in the nucleolus, which is rRNA.
• Meiosis II metaphase cells contain 2N amount of DNA.
• Basophilic erythroblasts contain abundant RNA.
• Mesenchymal mesoderm, endoderm, and neural crest cells derive the stromal cells of the thymus cortex that aid in T lymphocyte maturation.
• G1, S, or G2 phase follows DNA replication.
• A cell produced by mitosis from a cell with 2 amount of DNA will have 1 amount of DNA
• Emphysema results from the loss of alveolar ducts.
• Trisomy is due to nondisjunction.
• Glycoprotein secretory vesicles are located in the trans-Golgi network just before exocytosis.
• Glycosylation starts in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER).
• Mitochondria contain circular DNA.
• Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SER) is the energy source (mitochondria) of skeletal muscle.
• Leydig cells, which secrete testosterone, have smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
• The contraction force in skeletal muscle is proportional to its cross-sectional area.
• Keratinocytes receive melanosomes from melanocytes in the epidermis.
• Meissner's corpuscles detect light touch in the dermal papillae.
• Pacinian corpuscles detect vibrations, such as those from a tuning fork.
• Primary squamous cell carcinoma is most likely found in the anus.
• White adipose tissue (which stores chylomicrons) and enterocytes prod chylomicrons.
• COPI aids protein's return to the RER.
• Dynein arms facilitate retrograde transport of vesicles down the axon.
• Golgi does not have axon, RER does
• Microvilli are made of actin.
• Laminin anchors endothelial cells to the basement membrane.
• GFAP is associated with astrocytes.
• Tight junctions restrict material movement in intercellular spaces to reach connective tissue.
• Hyaline cartilage contains type II collagen and is found in the nose.
• Langerhans cells are the epidermal cells that migrate to initiate organ rejection.
• Azurophilic granules differentiate neutrophilic myelocytes from undifferentiated myelocytes.
• The epiphyseal plate (secondary center) is responsible for longitudinal bone growth.
• Secondary ossification center located in the epiphysis.
• Medial menisci receives nutrients from the synovial fluid.
• Red skeletal muscle has high levels of succinate dehydrogenase and low levels found in white
• Satellite cells are responsible for muscle regeneration.
• Keratinocytes cause the skin to close within a couple of days.
• Tetany results from low serum calcium levels with continued muscle contraction.
• Dense bodies in the smooth muscle are like Z bands.
• ATP is needed for muscle relaxation in rigor mortis.
• Intrafusal fibers have sensory stretch receptors.
• Myocardial endocrine cells in the heart secrete atrial natriuretic peptide in response to high blood volume or venous pressure.
• Apocrine sweat glands have simple columnar epithelium.
• Schwann cells guides axons during nerve regeneration.
• Purkinje cells are the only output cells of the cerebellum.
• Metarterioles with pre-capillary sphincters. cause blood to stop flowing to capillaries for a woman in labor.
• Type II pneumocytes are cells within the intra-alveolar septum that produce surfactant.
• Referred pain can originate in the umbilical region, resembling pain from the appendix.
• The collecting tubule is where ADH acts in the kidney.
• The primary convoluted tubule reabsorbs proteins via microvilli.
• Efferent arterioles give rise to capillaries that surround the kidney tubules.
• Destroying the hypothalamus increases the secretions of acidophils, basophils, chromophobes,and follicle stellate cells in the adenohypophysis.
• Zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids in the suprarenal gland.
• The zona reticularis is responsible for a woman having thicker hair due to androgens.
• The pineal gland synthesizes serotonin during the day and melatonin at night.
• People losing something in the falanges (maybe merkel cells)
• The respiratory passageways includes the respiratory epith, NOT the alveolar duct.
• Somatostatin inhibits somatotropin growth hormone secretion.
• CCK stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion
• Lactose digests milk

Bille Canalicule & Renal Tubules

• Bile canaliculi are identified longitudinally.
• Bowman's capsule is continuous with the proximal convoluted tubule in the renal corpuscle.
• There is knowledge of epitheliums of renal tubules
• JG cells that secrete renin are located near the macula densa in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
• FSH controls the proliferative phase, and LH controls the secretory phase of the ovarian cycle.
• Secretory phase demonstrates histo with spiral arteries.
• Cones are located in the fovea.
• Hair cells are related to axons in the organ of Corti.