Human Histology: Lecture 1 - Cytoplasm Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate thickness of the plasma membrane?

  • 12.5 to 15 nm
  • 7.5 to 10 nm (correct)
  • 5 to 7.5 nm
  • 10 to 12.5 nm

    • What is the primary component of the plasma membrane?

  • Proteins
  • Phospholipid Bilayer (correct)
  • Oligosaccharide Chains
  • Cholesterol

    • What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

  • Forms oligosaccharide chains and maintains electrochemical gradients
  • Stabilizes the cell membrane and modulates the fluidity of all membrane components (correct)
  • Part of an enzyme complex and serves as selective permeability
  • Able to move laterally and acts as a physical barrier

    • What percentage of the plasma membrane is made of proteins?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of proteins present in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Integral and Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glycocalyx in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Has an important role in cell attachments or adhesions, and as receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Site of lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for posttranslational modification and packaging of proteins?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of ribosomes in the cell?

    <p>Facilitate protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the uptake of large, solid particles by the cell?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cell membrane shows selective permeability?

    <p>Integral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

    <p>Involves pinocytosis or phagocytosis via receptors on cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ER is involved in protein synthesis and folding?

    <p>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fluid mosaic model in the cell membrane?

    <p>Communication receptor or binding sites for different bloodborne hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are peripheral proteins bound to in the cell membrane?

    <p>Glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and alcohol?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of ______.

    <p>life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plasma membrane is also known as the cell membrane or ______.

    <p>plasmalemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholesterol stabilizes the cell membrane and modulates the fluidity of all membrane ______.

    <p>components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately 50% of the membrane is made of ______.

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipid is a fat molecule with attached polar heads and nonpolar ______.

    <p>tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glycocalyx has an important role in cell ______.

    <p>surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extbf{fluid mosaic model} describes the cell membrane as a mosaic of lank{} and lank{} molecules.

    <p>lipid, protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell membrane is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, steroids, and lipid-soluble chemicals, due to its selective lank{}.

    <p>permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endocytosis is the process of lank{} of extracellular material into the cell.

    <p>ingestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exocytosis is the lank{} of material from the cell.

    <p>release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extbf{rough endoplasmic reticulum} is the site of lank{} synthesis and folding.

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extbf{smooth endoplasmic reticulum} is involved in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of lank{} and lank{}.

    <p>drugs, alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extbf{golgi apparatus} is responsible for posttranslational modification and lank{} of proteins.

    <p>packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extbf{ribosomes} serve as the scaffold and catalyst for lank{} synthesis.

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extbf{glycocalyx} contributes to a cell surface coating and is involved in cell-to-cell recognition through its lank{} outward recognition.

    <p>extending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the uptake of material via lank{} on cell membranes.

    <p>receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plasma Membrane Structure and Function

    • The plasma membrane is approximately 5-10 nanometers thick.
    • The primary component of the plasma membrane is phospholipid, a fat molecule with attached polar heads and nonpolar tails.
    • Cholesterol stabilizes the cell membrane and modulates the fluidity of all membrane phospholipids.
    • Proteins make up about 50% of the plasma membrane.

    Types of Proteins in the Plasma Membrane

    • There are two types of proteins present in the plasma membrane: integral proteins and peripheral proteins.
    • Peripheral proteins are bound to the lipid bilayer or integral proteins.

    Glycocalyx and Cell-to-Cell Recognition

    • The glycocalyx has an important role in cell-to-cell recognition through its carbohydrate outward recognition.
    • The glycocalyx contributes to a cell surface coating.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum and Protein Synthesis

    • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and the detoxification of drugs and alcohol.
    • The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of protein synthesis and folding.
    • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational modification and packaging of proteins.

    Cellular Processes

    • Endocytosis is the process of uptake of extracellular material into the cell.
    • Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the uptake of material via receptors on cell membranes.
    • Exocytosis is the release of material from the cell.

    Cellular Organelles and Functions

    • Ribosomes serve as the scaffold and catalyst for protein synthesis.
    • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for posttranslational modification and packaging of proteins.
    • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the detoxification of drugs and alcohol.

    Cellular Structure and Function

    • The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
    • The plasma membrane is also known as the cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane.
    • The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as a mosaic of protein and lipid molecules.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the introduction to cytoplasm in human histology, focusing on the structure and components of the plasma membrane. Topics include the role of the cell membrane, its components like phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and oligosaccharide chains.

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