Histology of the Renal and Urinary Systems Practical Session Objectives

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What is the sequence of flow of glomerular filtrate through the renal tubules before it is excreted as urine?

PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT → Collecting tubule → Collecting duct

What is the equation for urinary excretion?

Urinary excretion = Glomerular filtrate – Tubular reabsorption + Tubular secretion

What plays a more important role in determining the final urinary excretion rate for many substances: reabsorption or secretion?

Reabsorption

What are some common disease processes that can be better understood by studying tubular functions?

CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) Signup and view all the answers

What are some substances that are significantly secreted in the tubules?

H+, K+, etc Signup and view all the answers

Name a class of diuretics used in managing fluid overload.

Loop diuretics, thiazides Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which water and solutes are transported through the cell membranes in tubular reabsorption?

Transcellular and paracellular routes Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is directly coupled to an energy source and moves solutes against an electrochemical gradient?

Primary active transport Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of sodium glucose transporters present on the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule?

SGLT-2 and SGLT-1 Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is indirectly coupled to an energy source and involves the interaction of two or more solutes with a specific membrane protein?

Secondary active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which some solutes are secreted into the tubules, often involving counter transport of the solute with the Na+ ions?

Secondary active secretion Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport reabsorbs large molecules via a type of endocytosis in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Pinocytosis Signup and view all the answers

In tubular reabsorption, which type of transport is always passive?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the maximum rate at which a solute can be transported due to saturation of the specific transport system?

Transport maximum Signup and view all the answers

What are the substances actively reabsorbed or secreted in the proximal tubule?

H+, K+, glucose, amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of endocytosis utilized by the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb large molecules such as proteins?

Pinocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the urinary system?

Two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra Signup and view all the answers

Identify the major components of a nephron.

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the renal cortex?

It is the outer part of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the inner portion of the kidney called?

Medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components of a nephron?

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the glomerulus?

Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

What specialized layer of epithelial cells invests the capillary loops of the glomerulus?

Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small foot-like processes of the podocytes' cytoplasm?

Pedicles Signup and view all the answers

What forms the glomerular filtration barrier?

Basal lamina and slit membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the first segment of a renal tubule called?

Proximal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

What are the three segments of the loop of Henle?

Descending limb, loop, ascending limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the lining epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule characterized by?

Tall cuboidal epithelium with wide brush border Signup and view all the answers

What is the permeability of the thin descending segment of the loop of Henle to water and solutes?

Permeable to water but not solutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the last part of a renal tubule where distal tubules of several nephrons join to form a single tubule?

Collecting tubule Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells fill the spaces between the capillary loops in the glomerular lobule?

Mesangial cells Signup and view all the answers