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Questions and Answers
What is the sequence of flow of glomerular filtrate through the renal tubules before it is excreted as urine?
PCT → Loop of Henle → DCT → Collecting tubule → Collecting duct
What is the equation for urinary excretion?
Urinary excretion = Glomerular filtrate – Tubular reabsorption + Tubular secretion
What plays a more important role in determining the final urinary excretion rate for many substances: reabsorption or secretion?
Reabsorption
What are some common disease processes that can be better understood by studying tubular functions?
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What are some substances that are significantly secreted in the tubules?
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Name a class of diuretics used in managing fluid overload.
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What is the mechanism by which water and solutes are transported through the cell membranes in tubular reabsorption?
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What type of transport is directly coupled to an energy source and moves solutes against an electrochemical gradient?
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What are the two types of sodium glucose transporters present on the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule?
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What type of transport is indirectly coupled to an energy source and involves the interaction of two or more solutes with a specific membrane protein?
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What is the mechanism by which some solutes are secreted into the tubules, often involving counter transport of the solute with the Na+ ions?
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What type of transport reabsorbs large molecules via a type of endocytosis in the proximal convoluted tubule?
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In tubular reabsorption, which type of transport is always passive?
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What is the term for the maximum rate at which a solute can be transported due to saturation of the specific transport system?
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What are the substances actively reabsorbed or secreted in the proximal tubule?
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What is the term for the type of endocytosis utilized by the proximal convoluted tubule to reabsorb large molecules such as proteins?
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What are the components of the urinary system?
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Identify the major components of a nephron.
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What is the function of the renal cortex?
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What is the inner portion of the kidney called?
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What is the functional unit of the kidney?
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What are the two main components of a nephron?
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What is the structure that surrounds the glomerulus?
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What specialized layer of epithelial cells invests the capillary loops of the glomerulus?
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What is the term for the small foot-like processes of the podocytes' cytoplasm?
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What forms the glomerular filtration barrier?
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What is the first segment of a renal tubule called?
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What are the three segments of the loop of Henle?
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What is the lining epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule characterized by?
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What is the permeability of the thin descending segment of the loop of Henle to water and solutes?
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What is the last part of a renal tubule where distal tubules of several nephrons join to form a single tubule?
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What type of cells fill the spaces between the capillary loops in the glomerular lobule?
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