CR WEEK1 Histology of the Hematopoietic System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of blood as a connective tissue?

  • Production of energy for the body
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Delivery of nutrient and oxygen to the tissues (correct)
  • Protection against pathogens

    • Which book is recommended for learning about blood, haemopoiesis, and bone marrow?

  • Wheater's Functional Histology, 6th Edition (correct)
  • Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology, 8th Edition
  • Junqueira's Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, 15th Edition
  • Principles of Human Anatomy, 14th Edition

    • What are the cellular constituents of blood?

  • Platelets and plasma
  • Hormones and enzymes
  • Antibodies and antigens
  • Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) (correct)

    • Which organ plays a role in normal haematopoiesis?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thymus in relation to haematopoiesis?

    <p>Maturation of T-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is blood classified as?

    <p>Special connective tissue type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of blood in terms of Blood Cells and Plasma?

    <p>45% Blood Cells, 55% Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Platelets?

    <p>Involved in coagulation and haemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of RBCs?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are sub-classified into Granulocytes and Agranulocytes?

    <p>Leukocytes (WBCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do immune system cells like Lymphocytes circulate until they reach secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Neutrophils?

    <p>Patrol for microbial infections and kill invading pathogens using phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Eosinophils and Basophils contain?

    <p>Bright orange and basophilic granules, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Thymus responsible for?

    <p>T-cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are B cells maintained and differentiated?

    <p>Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hematocrit measure?

    <p>Packed volume of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in a blood sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the largest lymphatic organ and filters blood?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the splenic white pulp?

    <p>Plasma cells and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by symptoms such as tiredness, faintness, and shortness of breath?

    <p>Anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Menstrual loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are types of anaemia subdivided according to Mean Cell Volume (MCV)?

    <p>By red blood cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Fatigue, weakness, pale skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of blood as a connective tissue?

    <p>Production of digestive enzymes for nutrient breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book is not recommended for learning about blood, haemopoiesis, and bone marrow?

    <p>Principles of Biochemistry, 7th Edition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the thymus in relation to haematopoiesis?

    <p>Maturation of T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of blood in terms of Blood Cells and Plasma?

    <p>~45% cells, ~55% plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are B cells maintained and differentiated?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Eosinophils and Basophils contain?

    <p>Histamine and Heparin respectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Chronic blood loss (e.g., menstruation, peptic ulcer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Platelets?

    <p>Blood clotting and hemostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the splenic white pulp?

    <p>Lymphoid nodules and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spleen in relation to normal haematopoiesis?

    <p>Removal of old or damaged red blood cells (RBCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ lacks a cortex and medulla?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of iron deficiency anaemia related to menstrual loss in young females?

    <p>Menstrual loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anaemia is characterized by small (microcytic), hypochromic cells?

    <p>Iron deficiency anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Tiredness, faintness, shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for reacting immunologically and filtering blood?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical signs of iron deficiency anaemia?

    <p>Pale skin, tachycardia, retinal hemorrhages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of cells found in splenic white pulp?

    <p>B and T cells, macrophages, plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes iron deficiency anaemia in young females?

    <p>Menstrual loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of splenic red pulp?

    <p>Red blood cells, macrophages, plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Anticoagulants?

    <p>To prevent clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of RBCs (erythrocytes)?

    <p>7.8 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Neutrophils?

    <p>Patrol for microbial infections and kill invading pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Eosinophils and Basophils?

    <p>Contain bright orange and basophilic granules, associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do Lymphocytes function in adaptive immunity?

    <p>In secondary lymphoid organs like Lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Thymus in relation to T-cell differentiation?

    <p>Responsible for T-cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Platelets?

    <p>Involved in coagulation, forming an initial plug and a firm thrombus for haemostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of blood in terms of Blood Cells and Plasma?

    <p>45% Blood Cells (4 types: RBCs, WBCs, Platelets) and 55% Plasma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spleen in relation to normal haematopoiesis?

    <p>Filters blood and removes old or damaged red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are B cells maintained and differentiated?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    – Blood is composed of 45% Blood Blood Cells (4 types: RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and Plasma) and 55% Plasma. – Hematocrit measures the packed volume of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in a blood sample. – Anticoagulants prevent clotting, Plasma is called serum when clotting components are removed. – RBCs, erythrocytes, are anucleate and biconcave with a size of 7.8 μm. They function only within the bloodstream, have a lifespan of 120 days, and are replaced by reticulocytes. – Platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, are involved in coagulation, forming an initial plug and a firm thrombus for haemostasis. – Leukocytes, white blood cells, are sub-classified into Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and Agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). – Neutrophils are multilobed, motile cells that patrol for microbial infections and kill invading pathogens using phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETs. – Eosinophils and Basophils are the least numerous WBCs, and they contain bright orange and basophilic granules, respectively. They are associated with allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and chronic inflammation. – Lymphocytes and Monocytes are similar in size to RBCs. Lymphocytes function in adaptive immunity, and Monocytes are the precursors of tissue-specific phagocytes. – The immune system cells, such as Lymphocytes, circulate in the blood until they reach secondary lymphoid organs like Lymph nodes. – Lymph nodes maintain and differentiate B cells, and they house T cells. They detect and react to lymph-borne antigens, and they are concentrated in specific regions such as axillae, groins, and mesenteries. – The Lymph node architecture includes a cortex, a medulla, and a capsule, with various reticular and immune cells present. – The Thymus is a bilobed organ responsible for T-cell differentiation, and it contains thymocytes. The thymic cortex is composed of epithelioreticular cells, and Hassal’s corpuscles are located in the medulla.

    – Blood is composed of 45% Blood Blood Cells (4 types: RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and Plasma) and 55% Plasma. – Hematocrit measures the packed volume of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in a blood sample. – Anticoagulants prevent clotting, Plasma is called serum when clotting components are removed. – RBCs, erythrocytes, are anucleate and biconcave with a size of 7.8 μm. They function only within the bloodstream, have a lifespan of 120 days, and are replaced by reticulocytes. – Platelets, derived from megakaryocytes, are involved in coagulation, forming an initial plug and a firm thrombus for haemostasis. – Leukocytes, white blood cells, are sub-classified into Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and Agranulocytes (lymphocytes and monocytes). – Neutrophils are multilobed, motile cells that patrol for microbial infections and kill invading pathogens using phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETs. – Eosinophils and Basophils are the least numerous WBCs, and they contain bright orange and basophilic granules, respectively. They are associated with allergic reactions, parasitic infections, and chronic inflammation. – Lymphocytes and Monocytes are similar in size to RBCs. Lymphocytes function in adaptive immunity, and Monocytes are the precursors of tissue-specific phagocytes. – The immune system cells, such as Lymphocytes, circulate in the blood until they reach secondary lymphoid organs like Lymph nodes. – Lymph nodes maintain and differentiate B cells, and they house T cells. They detect and react to lymph-borne antigens, and they are concentrated in specific regions such as axillae, groins, and mesenteries. – The Lymph node architecture includes a cortex, a medulla, and a capsule, with various reticular and immune cells present. – The Thymus is a bilobed organ responsible for T-cell differentiation, and it contains thymocytes. The thymic cortex is composed of epithelioreticular cells, and Hassal’s corpuscles are located in the medulla.

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