Histology of Integumentary System
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Questions and Answers

Where are sebaceous glands not present?

  • Face
  • Soles (correct)
  • Scalp
  • Palms (correct)

What type of secretion do sebaceous glands produce?

  • Eccrine
  • Holocrine (correct)
  • Apocrine
  • Merocrine

What is the function of myoepithelial cells in eccrine sweat glands?

  • Produce a proteinaceous substance
  • Produce a watery substance
  • Line the duct
  • Surround the gland (correct)

Where are apocrine sweat glands located?

<p>Axilla, areola of breast, and anal canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of apocrine secretion?

<p>Viscous with proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do sebaceous glands become functional?

<p>At puberty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately differentiates thick skin from thin skin?

<p>Thick skin is present on the palms and soles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function do melanin granules serve in the skin?

<p>To protect genetic material from UV damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do Merkel cells play in the skin?

<p>They act as touch receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell acts as a macrophage within the epidermis?

<p>Langerhans cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are mechanoreceptors located in relation to the skin layers?

<p>Both in superficial and deeper layers of skin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes thick skin compared to thin skin regarding keratin layers?

<p>Thick skin has a thick keratin layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding melanocytes and skin color is true?

<p>Melanocytes produce melanin granules independent of their number. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mechanoreceptors in the skin?

<p>To relay extracellular stimulus to intracellular signal transduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanoreceptor is primarily sensitive to light touch?

<p>Meissner’s corpuscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanoreceptor is characterized as slow-adapting and found deep in the skin?

<p>Ruffini endings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Merkel’s disks primarily located?

<p>In the fingertips, lips, and external genitalia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to vibration and pressure?

<p>Pacinian corpuscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Ruffini corpuscles?

<p>Sensing skin stretching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the pilosebaceous apparatus causes the erection of the hair shaft?

<p>Arrector pili muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the dermal papilla in the hair follicle?

<p>Maintain the viability of the hair follicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelial tissue forms the hair follicle?

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thick Skin

A thicker layer of skin found on the palms of hands and soles of feet, containing five distinct cell layers and a thicker stratum corneum. It lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Thin Skin

The more common type of skin found across most of the body. Contains fewer cell layers and a thinner stratum corneum. It may have hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Melanocytes

Specialized cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.

Langerhans Cells

A specialized type of macrophage found in the stratum spinosum of the epidermis. They help initiate immune responses by engulfing foreign substances and presenting them to T cells.

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Merkel Cells

Sensory cells located in the stratum basale of the epidermis. They serve as touch receptors, transmitting tactile information to the nervous system.

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Mechanoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli, such as touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

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Meissner's Corpuscles

A type of mechanoreceptor located in the superficial layers of the skin. They are particularly sensitive to light touch and stroking.

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Pacinian Corpuscles

A type of mechanoreceptor found deep in the skin. They are sensitive to vibration and pressure.

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Merkel's Disks

Unencapsulated nerve endings located within the epidermis. They are sensitive to sustained pressure and texture.

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Ruffini Endings

Slow-adapting, encapsulated mechanoreceptors found deep in the skin, ligaments, and tendons. They are sensitive to stretching and tension.

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Pilo-Sebaceous Apparatus

The structure responsible for hair growth, including the hair shaft and the hair follicle.

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Hair Follicle

The tubular invagination of the epidermis that surrounds and supports the hair shaft. It extends deep into the dermis.

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Dermal Papilla

The lowermost part of the hair follicle, containing capillaries and cells that actively produce hair.

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Sebaceous Glands

Specialized glands that produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and protects the skin and hair.

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Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat Glands

Type of sweat gland found throughout the body. They secrete thin, watery sweat that helps regulate body temperature.

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Apocrine Sweat Glands

Type of sweat gland that secretes thicker sweat, often with a scent. They are located primarily in the armpits, groin, and around the nipples.

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Holocrine Secretion

The process of cell death and disintegration, followed by the release of the cell's contents. It is a characteristic of sebaceous gland secretion.

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Merocrine Secretion

The process of releasing a product from a cell without damage or significant loss of cellular material. This is typical of eccrine sweat gland secretion.

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Apocrine Secretion

The process of secretion where a portion of the cell's cytoplasm is pinched off along with the secretory product. This is characteristic of apocrine sweat gland secretion.

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Arrector Pili Muscle

A type of smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle. It contracts to cause the hair to stand erect.

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Study Notes

Integumentary System 2

Thick vs. Thin Skin

  • Thick skin is present on palms and soles, with five cell layers and a thick keratin layer, but no hair follicles and sebaceous glands
  • Thin skin is found everywhere else, with no stratum lucidum, and thinner stratum granulosum and corneum, and may contain hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Melanin and Skin Color

  • The number of melanocytes per unit area varies from one part of the body to another, but is independent of race
  • Differences in skin color are due to differing numbers of melanin granules in melanocytes
  • Melanin granules accumulate above keratinocyte nuclei to protect genetic material from UV damage

Langerhans Cells and Merkel Cells

  • Langerhans cells are a type of macrophage that arise in bone marrow, migrate to stratum spinosum, and eat foreign substances and present antigen to T cells
  • Merkel cells are present in stratum basale and function as touch receptors

Mechanoreceptors

  • Mechanoreceptors are a type of somatosensory receptors that relay extracellular stimulus to intracellular signal transduction through mechanically gated ion channels
  • They are present in the superficial and deeper layers of skin and near bone
  • There are four major categories of tactile mechanoreceptors:
    • Meissner's corpuscles (sensitive to light touch)
    • Pacinian corpuscles (sensitive to vibration and pressure)
    • Merkel's disks (un-encapsulated nerve endings in the epidermis)
    • Ruffini endings (slow-adapting, encapsulated mechanoreceptors deep in the skin, ligaments, and tendons)

Pilo-Sebaceous Apparatus

  • Hairs: hair follicle and shaft
  • Sebaceous glands and ducts: empty into hair follicle
  • Arrector pili muscles: cause erection of hair shaft
  • Hairs and sebaceous glands derive from ectoderm

Hair Follicle

  • The hair follicle is a tubular invagination of the epidermis extending deep into the dermis
  • The hair shaft arises from the base of the follicle
  • The dermal papilla contains numerous capillaries and maintains the viability of the hair follicle

Skin Glands

  • There are three types: sebaceous glands, eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands, and apocrine sweat glands
  • They arise from ectoderm and have secretory portions that reside in the dermis
  • There are three different types of secretion: holocrine, merocrine, and apocrine

Sebaceous Glands

  • Present everywhere except palms and soles
  • Secretory portion: peripheral, flattened undifferentiated cells that burst and release sebum (holocrine secretion)
  • Duct empties into hair follicle
  • Become functional at puberty

Eccrine (Merocrine) Sweat Glands

  • Secretory portion has three cell types: clear cells, darker cells, and myoepithelial cells
  • Duct is lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and opens onto skin surface
  • Secretory cells produce a watery substance and a proteinaceous substance

Apocrine Sweat Glands

  • Located only in axilla, areola of breast, and anal canal
  • Have larger ducts and secretory units than eccrine sweat glands
  • Ducts open into hair follicles
  • Apocrine secretion is viscous and contains proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

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Related Documents

General Histology Lecture 10 Integumentary System 2 PDF

Description

This quiz covers the histology of the integumentary system, including the epidermis, thick and thin skin, mechanoreceptors, and skin glands. It is based on Lecture 10 from Anthony L. Mescher's Basic Histology TEXT & ATLAS.

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