Histology Lecture 9: Integumentary System
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Questions and Answers

What is the embryologic origin of the epidermis?

  • Mesoderm
  • Ectoderm (correct)
  • Somites of the paraxial mesoderm
  • Endoderm
  • What is the function of the keratohyaline granules in the stratum granulosum?

  • To release lipid into intercellular spaces
  • To attach cells to each other
  • To bind cytokeratin molecules together to make keratin (correct)
  • To produce melanin
  • What is the main function of the skin as a barrier?

  • To protect against physical and chemical injury and infection (correct)
  • To excrete substances produced by glands
  • To synthesize vitamin D3
  • To regulate body temperature
  • What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the stratum lucidum?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the lipid released by lamellar granules?

    <p>To act as a cement to prevent penetration of water and other materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do mitoses renew the epidermis?

    <p>Every 15-30 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands are found in the skin appendages?

    <p>Merocrine and apocrine sweat glands, as well as sebaceous glands and hair follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of cells are found in the respiratory system?

    <p>Four types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is present in both the epiglottis and the trachea?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells are primarily found in the smaller bronchioles?

    <p>Clara cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is lined by simple squamous epithelium?

    <p>Alveolar ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers are found in the alveolar sac, and what is their function?

    <p>Elastic and reticular fibers; provide structure and elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layers are included in the pleura?

    <p>Parietal and visceral layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is present only in very thick skin?

    <p>Stratum Lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

    <p>Produce intermediate filaments called cytokeratins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the dermis is characterized by dense connective tissue with thick collagen bundles and elastic fibers?

    <p>Reticular dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered part of the skin?

    <p>Subcutaneous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about the pleura in the respiratory system?

    <p>It is part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is FALSE about the embryonic origin of the respiratory system?

    <p>The respiratory system is derived from mesoderm only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT derived from mesoderm in the respiratory system?

    <p>Lining of the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the conducting portion of the respiratory system is TRUE?

    <p>The walls of the conducting system change in thickness and composition from region to region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System

    • The skin serves as a barrier protecting against physical and chemical injury and infection, regulates body temperature, and is a receptor organ for sensory stimuli.
    • The skin is composed of three main components: epidermis (stratified squamous epithelium), dermis (connective tissue), and skin appendages (sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, and nails).

    Layers of Epidermis

    • Stratum Corneum: the most superficial layer, composed of flat, dead cells (keratin scales) that are continuously shed.
    • Stratum Lucidum: found only in very thick skin, consists of homogeneous, translucent cells containing keratin.
    • Stratum Granulosum: contains two types of granules (keratohyaline and lamellar), which help bind cytokeratin molecules together to form keratin and prevent water penetration.
    • Stratum Spinosum: thick layer with cells connected by spot desmosomes, appearing "spiny" or prickly.
    • Stratum Basale: the bottom layer, composed of cuboidal to columnar keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Merkel cells.

    Cells in Epidermis

    • Keratinocytes: stratified squamous epithelial cells that produce cytokeratins.
    • Melanocytes: produce melanin.
    • Langerhans cells: process antigen.
    • Merkel cells: involved in sensation.

    Dermis

    • Papillary dermis: loose connective tissue with capillary loops and thin elastic fibers.
    • Reticular dermis: dense connective tissue with thick collagen bundles, elastic fibers, larger blood vessels, and glands.

    Subcutaneous Tissue (Hypodermis)

    • Consists of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
    • Functions to loosely bind the skin to underlying structures.

    Respiratory System

    Components of Respiratory System

    • Not mentioned in the given text.

    Layers of the Respiratory System

    • Not mentioned in the given text.

    Development of Respiratory System

    • Embryonic origin of the respiratory system is not solely mesodermal.
    • Mesoderm gives rise to the walls of the conducting system.
    • Endoderm gives rise to the epithelial lining of the respiratory system.

    Cells in Respiratory System

    • Four types of cells exist in the respiratory system.
    • Goblet cells: produce mucus.
    • Basal cells: function not mentioned in the given text.
    • Three types of cells exist in the nasal cavity.
    • Clara cells: non-ciliated epithelial cells with secretory granules, function not mentioned in the given text.

    Trachea and Bronchi

    • Cartilage in the trachea is not always present in all parts of the respiratory tract.
    • Cartilage in bronchi is not always hyaline cartilage.
    • Epiglottis cartilage type not mentioned in the given text.

    Alveolar Sac

    • Composed of squamous epithelial cells, basement membrane, and capillaries.
    • Types of fibers in alveolar sac: elastic and reticulature fibers.
    • Function: not mentioned in the given text.

    Pleura

    • Consists of parietal and visceral layers.
    • Mesothelial cells rest on a fine connective tissue layer containing collagen and elastic fibers, found mainly in the pleura.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the functions of skin, including its role as a barrier, regulation of body temperature, and synthesis of vitamin D3. It is based on Lecture 9 of Anthony L. Mescher's Jonquiere's Basic Histology TEXT & ATLAS.

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