32 Questions
Who is the professor of the course?
Lin Wang
When is the lecture of the course?
Tuesday, 9:50 – 12:15 AM
What is the topic of the 5th lecture?
Nervous tissue
What is the topic of Lab 3?
Blood and cartilage
What is the goal of the course?
To identify and name the four primary tissues of the human body
How many primary tissues of the human body will you learn in this course?
4
What is one of the course formative grading criteria?
Completion of drawing assignments
When is the last lab of the course?
May 17
What is the smallest structural and functional unit in the human body?
Cell
What is the primary focus of Embryology?
Study of normal development and birth defects
What are the four types of fundamental tissues?
Epithelium, Connective tissue, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue
Why is it important to learn histology?
To recognize normal tissue and cells
What is the purpose of fixation in paraffin section preparation?
To preserve the structural organization of the tissue
What is the purpose of studying histology?
To complete the knowledge of human body's structures from gross to microscopic
What is the advantage of frozen section preparation?
It is the fastest method of examining a tissue
What is the importance of histology in clinic sciences?
It is a foundation of clinic sciences
What is the purpose of staining in histology?
To make tissue sections pigment for observation
What is one of the investigative methods of histology?
Light microscope
What is the definition of histology?
Study of normal micro-structure and its related function
What is hematoxylin?
A basic dye that stains tissue purple-blue
What is metachromasia?
A phenomenon where a dye stains tissue a different color from the dye solution
What type of microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of visible light?
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
What is the purpose of dehydration in paraffin section preparation?
To replace the water in the tissue by alcohol
What is the commonest method used in histology for tissue preparation?
Paraffin section preparation
What is the main difference between the preparation of sections for LM and EM?
Thickness of the sections, 50-70nm for EM
What is the resolution of the Electron Microscope (EM)?
0.2nm
What is the main purpose of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry?
To reveal the chemical composition in situ
What is the product of a chemical reaction in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry?
Insoluble or colored or electron-scattering
What is the purpose of PAS reaction in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry?
To manifest polysaccharide and proteoglycan
What is the purpose of Cell and Tissue Culture?
To study the effect of regents on living cells
What is the resolution of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)?
5nm
What is the principle of Immunocytochemistry?
Antigen binds to specific antibody
Study Notes
Course Information
- Instructor: Lin Wang (汪琳)
- Lectures: Tuesday, 9:50 – 12:15 AM, Room 4-121
- Labs: Friday, 9:50 -11:25 AM, Room 4-121
Course Objectives
- Identify and name the four primary tissues of the human body
- Explain how the form and function of these tissues are related
- Identify and name the basic tissue constituents of the major organs of the human being
- Explain how the form and function of these organs are related
Definition of Histology
- A science that studies the normal micro-structure and its related function in the human body
- Gross anatomy vs. micro-anatomy
Research Content
- 4 structural levels: cell, tissue, organ, system
- 4 types of fundamental tissue: epithelium, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
Importance of Histology
- Recognize normal tissue and cells
- Acquire basic skills for future medical careers
- Complete knowledge of human body structures from gross to microscopic
- Understand how different tissues function
- Find diseases by knowing normal tissue structures
Investigative Methods of Histology
I. Light Microscope
- Tissue preparation:
- Paraffin section preparation (most common method)
- Frozen section (fastest method)
- Smear preparations (for blood)
- Grind preparations (for bone)
- Staining:
- H-E Staining (most common staining procedure)
- Purpose: to make tissue section pigment for observation
- Hematoxylin: basic dye, purple-blue
- Eosin: acid dye, pink color
- Basophilic: components bonded by basic dye (H)
- Acidophilic: components bonded by acidic dye (E)
- Neutrophilic: does not stain with both basic and acid dyes
II. Electron Microscopy
- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
- Section preparation: similar to LM, but with plastic (Epon or Araldite) and ultrathin sections (50-70nm)
- Heavy metal salts (lead citrate or uranyl acetate) instead of HE
- Resolution: 0.2nm
- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
- Shows 3D surface architecture of cells and tissues
- Resolution: 5nm
III. Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
- Reveals chemical composition in situ with chemical, biochemical methods
- Fixation: preserves both structure and chemical composition of cells and tissues
- Specific chemical-identifying reaction carried out
- Example: PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) reaction for manifesting polysaccharide and proteoglycan
IV. Cell / Tissue Culture
- Technique for studying living cells
- Isolated cells or fragments of tissues cultured in sterilized culture medium at appropriate temperature
- Useful for detecting the effect of various regents on living cells
V. Immunocytochemistry
- Based on antigen binds to specific antibody
This course covers the introduction to histology and embryology, including topics such as epithelium tissue, connective tissue proper, and more. It includes lectures, labs, and formative grading.
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