Digestive Glands Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of secretory cells primarily compose the acini of the parotid gland?

  • Mixed cells
  • Mucous cells
  • Endocrine cells
  • Pure serous cells (correct)

Which type of gland comprises both exocrine and endocrine functions in its structure?

  • Sublingual gland
  • Parotid gland
  • Pancreas (correct)
  • Submandibular gland

Which component of the pancreas primarily produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

  • Endocrine cells
  • Pancreatic acini (correct)
  • Islets of Langerhans
  • Duct system

What is the primary type of epithelium lining the main pancreatic duct?

<p>Simple columnar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stroma is associated with the submandibular gland?

<p>Thick (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is false about the sublingual gland?

<p>It has a thick stroma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the intercalated duct of the pancreas?

<p>Flat epithelial cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the acini of the pancreas from those of the salivary glands?

<p>Irregular serous acini with narrow lumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the composition of the acini in the submandibular gland?

<p>Mainly serous with some mucous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for hormone secretion?

<p>Islets of Langerhans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic primarily distinguishes serous acini from mucous acini in salivary glands?

<p>Presence of central rounded nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of trabeculae in digestive glands?

<p>Dividing the gland into lobes and lobules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is considered the functioning part of a digestive gland?

<p>Parenchyma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland releases saliva into the oral cavity?

<p>Exocrine gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which salivary gland is primarily responsible for producing serous secretion?

<p>Parotid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue surrounds the digestive gland?

<p>Dense connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of acini contains both mucous and serous cells?

<p>Mixed acini (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the general structure of digestive glands?

<p>Formed by stroma and parenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of digestive glands, what is the purpose of the duct system?

<p>To convey secretions to targeted areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes how lifestyle factors can impact digestive gland function?

<p>Dietary choices can affect secretion levels and gland health. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the α (alpha) islet cells?

<p>Secreting glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hepatocytes is false?

<p>They are responsible for draining blood into the central vein. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes the liver a mixed gland?

<p>It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The portal triad in the portal tract includes which of the following components?

<p>Venule branch of the portal vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is not found in the classical hepatic lobule?

<p>Portal vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the treatment for Diabetes mellitus discussed in the content?

<p>Insulin deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue composes the Capsule of Glisson surrounding the liver?

<p>Dense connective tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the liver is involved in the formation of bile?

<p>Bile canaliculi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of structure, how are blood sinusoids described?

<p>As irregular channels between hepatocyte plates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gland do salivary glands represent?

<p>Exocrine glands only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Digestive Glands

Glands that release digestive juices into the digestive tract, aiding in food breakdown.

Parenchyma

The functional part of a digestive gland, composed of secretory cells that produce and release digestive juices.

Stroma

The supporting connective tissue framework that surrounds and divides the parenchyma, providing structure and support.

Capsule

A dense connective tissue layer that encloses the entire digestive gland.

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Trabeculae

Connective tissue septa that extend inwards from the capsule, dividing the gland into smaller lobules.

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Secretory Units (Acini)

Clusters of secretory cells that produce and release specific digestive juices.

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Duct System

A network of ducts responsible for transporting the digestive juices from the secretory units to the digestive tract.

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Parotid Gland

A salivary gland located near the ear, known for producing serous saliva, rich in enzymes.

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Submandibular Gland

A salivary gland located below the jaw, producing mixed saliva containing both serous and mucous components.

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Sublingual Gland

A salivary gland located under the tongue, known for producing primarily mucous saliva, which lubricates food.

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Serous cell

A type of salivary gland cell that produces a watery, enzyme-rich fluid.

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Mucous cell

A type of salivary gland cell that produces a thick, viscous mucus.

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Mixed salivary gland

A salivary gland that contains both serous and mucous cells.

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Salivary duct system

The network of ducts that transport saliva from the acini to the mouth cavity.

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Intercalated duct

The smallest duct in the salivary duct system, found within the acinus.

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Main salivary duct

The main duct of the salivary gland that opens into the mouth.

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Centroacinar cells

Specialized cells present in the intercalated ducts of salivary glands.

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Pancreas

A mixed gland that secretes both digestive enzymes and hormones.

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Pancreatic acini

The exocrine portion of the pancreas, responsible for producing digestive enzymes.

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Islets of Langerhans

The endocrine portion of the pancreas, responsible for producing hormones like insulin and glucagon.

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What is the liver?

The largest gland in the body, responsible for both exocrine and endocrine functions.

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What are hepatocytes?

Specialised cells in the liver that form irregular plates and enclose tiny channels called bile canaliculi.

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What are blood sinusoids?

Irregular blood channels located between plates of hepatocytes, lined by endothelial cells and macrophages.

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What are bile canaliculi?

Tiny channels within the plates of hepatocytes, responsible for carrying bile away from the liver.

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What is a Portal Tract?

A triangular area of connective tissue located at the corners of hepatic lobules, containing a portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile ductule.

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What are Islets of Langerhans?

Specialized cells in the pancreas that produce and release insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.

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What is glucagon?

A hormone produced by alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans, responsible for raising blood glucose levels.

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What is insulin?

A hormone produced by beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans, responsible for lowering blood glucose levels.

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What is somatostatin?

A hormone produced by delta cells of the Islets of Langerhans, responsible for regulating the release of both insulin and glucagon.

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What is pancreatic polypeptide?

A hormone produced by F cells of the Islets of Langerhans, primarily involved in regulating digestion and nutrient absorption.

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Study Notes

Digestive Glands Overview

  • Digestive glands include salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.
  • Salivary glands produce saliva.
  • The pancreas is a mixed gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions.
  • The exocrine portion of the pancreas has pancreatic acini and ducts that produce pancreatic juice.
  • The endocrine portion of the pancreas has islets of Langerhans that create hormones.
  • The liver—the body's largest gland—is a mixed gland.
  • The liver's functions, both exocrine and endocrine, are carried out by hepatocytes.

Learning Outcomes

  • Students will be able to list the types of digestive glands.
  • Students will be able to describe the general structure of digestive glands.
  • Students will be able to describe the structure of salivary glands.
  • Students will be able to identify the types of salivary glands and their differences.
  • Students will be able to describe the structure of the pancreas.
  • Students will be able to describe the structure of the liver.

Salivary Glands

  • Salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva.
  • They are compound branched tubulo-alveolar glands.
  • Types include parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.

Salivary Gland Structure

  • Stroma:
    • Capsule: dense connective tissue (C.T.) that surrounds the gland.
    • Trabeculae: C.T. septa arising from the capsule; divide the gland into lobes and lobules.
  • Parenchyma:
    • Salivary acini: groups of secretory cells that surround a central lumen.
    • Duct system: series of ducts that carry saliva to the oral cavity.
      • Intercalated ducts: small ducts lined by flat epithelial cells arising from acini.
      • Striated ducts: larger ducts that empty into the main duct.
      • Main ducts: empty into the mouth cavity.
  • Types of salivary acini: mucous, serous, and mucoserous (mixed).

Pancreas

  • It is a mixed gland, having exocrine and endocrine functions.
  • Exocrine Part:
    • Pancreatic acini: irregular serous acini with a narrow lumen.
    • Lining cells are similar to the serous acini.
      • Rounded central nuclei.
      • Basophilic cytoplasm.
      • Apical acidophilic granules.
    • Duct system: intercalated ducts, in the acini; drain into a main pancreatic duct.
  • Endocrine Part (Islets of Langerhans):
    • Non-capsulated, pale masses of endocrine cells.
    • Scattered among dark pancreatic acini.
    • Structure: anastomosing cords of epithelial cells separated by fenestrated blood capillaries.
    • Types of islet cells:
      • α (alpha): Glucagon
      • β (beta): Insulin
      • δ (delta): Somatostatin
      • F (PP): Pancreatic polypeptide

Liver

  • It is the largest gland in the body.
  • It is a mixed gland with exocrine and endocrine functions.
  • Stroma:
    • Capsule of Glisson: dense C.T. that surrounds the liver; covered with peritoneum.
    • Trabeculae: C.T. septa arising from the capsule that divide the gland into lobes and lobules.
  • Parenchyma:
    • Hepatocytes: form irregular plates radiating from the central vein; extend to the periphery; plates are enclosed by canaliculi; plates are separated by sinusoids.
    • Blood sinusoids: irregular blood channels that lie between the hepatocyte plates. Lined by endothelial cells and Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). They drain blood into central veins.
    • Bile canaliculi: narrow anastomosing channels within the plates; lined by hepatocytes; deliver bile into bile ductules within the portal tract.
  • Portal Tract: A triangular region of connective tissue (C.T.) that contains the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile ducts.

Case Discussion

  • A case of diabetes mellitus was presented—characterized by insulin deficiency due to a failure of secretion by β cells in the islets of Langerhans.
  • It is treated by insulin injection or oral hypoglycemics.

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Histology Lecture 15 (Overview of Digestive glands) 2024 PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of digestive glands with this quiz. Learn about the structures and functions of salivary glands, the pancreas, and the liver. Identify their differences and understand their roles in the human body.

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