Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of secretory cells primarily compose the acini of the parotid gland?
What type of secretory cells primarily compose the acini of the parotid gland?
Which type of gland comprises both exocrine and endocrine functions in its structure?
Which type of gland comprises both exocrine and endocrine functions in its structure?
Which component of the pancreas primarily produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?
Which component of the pancreas primarily produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?
What is the primary type of epithelium lining the main pancreatic duct?
What is the primary type of epithelium lining the main pancreatic duct?
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What type of stroma is associated with the submandibular gland?
What type of stroma is associated with the submandibular gland?
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Which of the following statements is false about the sublingual gland?
Which of the following statements is false about the sublingual gland?
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What type of cells are found in the intercalated duct of the pancreas?
What type of cells are found in the intercalated duct of the pancreas?
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What distinguishes the acini of the pancreas from those of the salivary glands?
What distinguishes the acini of the pancreas from those of the salivary glands?
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Which of the following best describes the composition of the acini in the submandibular gland?
Which of the following best describes the composition of the acini in the submandibular gland?
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Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for hormone secretion?
Which cells in the pancreas are responsible for hormone secretion?
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Which characteristic primarily distinguishes serous acini from mucous acini in salivary glands?
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes serous acini from mucous acini in salivary glands?
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What is the role of trabeculae in digestive glands?
What is the role of trabeculae in digestive glands?
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Which component is considered the functioning part of a digestive gland?
Which component is considered the functioning part of a digestive gland?
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Which type of gland releases saliva into the oral cavity?
Which type of gland releases saliva into the oral cavity?
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Which salivary gland is primarily responsible for producing serous secretion?
Which salivary gland is primarily responsible for producing serous secretion?
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What type of connective tissue surrounds the digestive gland?
What type of connective tissue surrounds the digestive gland?
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What type of acini contains both mucous and serous cells?
What type of acini contains both mucous and serous cells?
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Which of the following correctly describes the general structure of digestive glands?
Which of the following correctly describes the general structure of digestive glands?
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In the context of digestive glands, what is the purpose of the duct system?
In the context of digestive glands, what is the purpose of the duct system?
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Which statement accurately describes how lifestyle factors can impact digestive gland function?
Which statement accurately describes how lifestyle factors can impact digestive gland function?
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What is the primary function of the α (alpha) islet cells?
What is the primary function of the α (alpha) islet cells?
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Which of the following statements about hepatocytes is false?
Which of the following statements about hepatocytes is false?
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What makes the liver a mixed gland?
What makes the liver a mixed gland?
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The portal triad in the portal tract includes which of the following components?
The portal triad in the portal tract includes which of the following components?
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Which structure is not found in the classical hepatic lobule?
Which structure is not found in the classical hepatic lobule?
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What triggers the treatment for Diabetes mellitus discussed in the content?
What triggers the treatment for Diabetes mellitus discussed in the content?
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What tissue composes the Capsule of Glisson surrounding the liver?
What tissue composes the Capsule of Glisson surrounding the liver?
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Which component of the liver is involved in the formation of bile?
Which component of the liver is involved in the formation of bile?
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In terms of structure, how are blood sinusoids described?
In terms of structure, how are blood sinusoids described?
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What type of gland do salivary glands represent?
What type of gland do salivary glands represent?
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Study Notes
Digestive Glands Overview
- Digestive glands include salivary glands, pancreas, and liver.
- Salivary glands produce saliva.
- The pancreas is a mixed gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions.
- The exocrine portion of the pancreas has pancreatic acini and ducts that produce pancreatic juice.
- The endocrine portion of the pancreas has islets of Langerhans that create hormones.
- The liver—the body's largest gland—is a mixed gland.
- The liver's functions, both exocrine and endocrine, are carried out by hepatocytes.
Learning Outcomes
- Students will be able to list the types of digestive glands.
- Students will be able to describe the general structure of digestive glands.
- Students will be able to describe the structure of salivary glands.
- Students will be able to identify the types of salivary glands and their differences.
- Students will be able to describe the structure of the pancreas.
- Students will be able to describe the structure of the liver.
Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva.
- They are compound branched tubulo-alveolar glands.
- Types include parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
Salivary Gland Structure
-
Stroma:
- Capsule: dense connective tissue (C.T.) that surrounds the gland.
- Trabeculae: C.T. septa arising from the capsule; divide the gland into lobes and lobules.
-
Parenchyma:
- Salivary acini: groups of secretory cells that surround a central lumen.
- Duct system: series of ducts that carry saliva to the oral cavity.
- Intercalated ducts: small ducts lined by flat epithelial cells arising from acini.
- Striated ducts: larger ducts that empty into the main duct.
- Main ducts: empty into the mouth cavity.
- Types of salivary acini: mucous, serous, and mucoserous (mixed).
Pancreas
- It is a mixed gland, having exocrine and endocrine functions.
-
Exocrine Part:
- Pancreatic acini: irregular serous acini with a narrow lumen.
- Lining cells are similar to the serous acini.
- Rounded central nuclei.
- Basophilic cytoplasm.
- Apical acidophilic granules.
- Duct system: intercalated ducts, in the acini; drain into a main pancreatic duct.
-
Endocrine Part (Islets of Langerhans):
- Non-capsulated, pale masses of endocrine cells.
- Scattered among dark pancreatic acini.
- Structure: anastomosing cords of epithelial cells separated by fenestrated blood capillaries.
- Types of islet cells:
- α (alpha): Glucagon
- β (beta): Insulin
- δ (delta): Somatostatin
- F (PP): Pancreatic polypeptide
Liver
- It is the largest gland in the body.
- It is a mixed gland with exocrine and endocrine functions.
-
Stroma:
- Capsule of Glisson: dense C.T. that surrounds the liver; covered with peritoneum.
- Trabeculae: C.T. septa arising from the capsule that divide the gland into lobes and lobules.
-
Parenchyma:
- Hepatocytes: form irregular plates radiating from the central vein; extend to the periphery; plates are enclosed by canaliculi; plates are separated by sinusoids.
- Blood sinusoids: irregular blood channels that lie between the hepatocyte plates. Lined by endothelial cells and Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). They drain blood into central veins.
- Bile canaliculi: narrow anastomosing channels within the plates; lined by hepatocytes; deliver bile into bile ductules within the portal tract.
- Portal Tract: A triangular region of connective tissue (C.T.) that contains the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile ducts.
Case Discussion
- A case of diabetes mellitus was presented—characterized by insulin deficiency due to a failure of secretion by β cells in the islets of Langerhans.
- It is treated by insulin injection or oral hypoglycemics.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of digestive glands with this quiz. Learn about the structures and functions of salivary glands, the pancreas, and the liver. Identify their differences and understand their roles in the human body.
