Histoire de Rome - Citoyenneté et Pouvoirs
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Questions and Answers

Quel était le critère principal pour être recensé comme citoyen à Rome?

  • Posséder un grand patrimoine
  • Être un immigrant
  • Avoir sa domus dans l’une des tribus (correct)
  • Être un patricien

    • Tous les citoyens romains avaient des droits et des devoirs égaux.

    False

    Quelles étaient les trois tribus primitives à Rome?

    Étrusques, Sabins, Latins

    Les citoyens romains bénéficiaient du _______ pour servir comme militaires.

    <p>ius militae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associez les termes suivants avec leur définition correcte:

    <p>Patricien = Membre de la classe noble à Rome Plébéien = Citoyen romain sans droits politiques pleins Domus = Demeure romaine caractérisée par sa structure Censitaire = Critère basé sur le patrimoine pour le recensement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la relation entre Numa et Jupiter?

    <p>Numa a le talent de converser avec Jupiter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fides est la déesse de la guerre et de l'autorité.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le rôle d'Egérie pour Numa?

    <p>Inspiratrice et guide vers la religion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La tradition de la poignée de main vient du fait que Fides est _____ .

    <p>voilée</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associez chaque terme avec sa définition appropriée :

    <p>pietas = Respect des contemporains liés ius = Conforme au droit pater patratus = Ambassadeur romain Egérie = Nymphe inspiratrice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comment Rome déclare-t-elle la guerre?

    <p>Après un délai de 1 mois lunaire sans satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le bouclier tombé du ciel est un cadeau de Mars pour les Romains.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le symbole de l'élévation sociale à Rome?

    <p>La possibilité de gravir les échelons de la hiérarchie sociale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelles étaient les deux puissances politiques majeures que Rome a rencontrées au IIIe siècle?

    <p>Carthage et les royaumes hellénistiques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La victoire à la pyrrhus a été un succès décisif pour les cités grecques.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel roi a été appelé par les cités grecques pour impressionner les Romains avec des éléphants?

    <p>Pyrrhus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La première province de Rome, gouvernée par un proconsul, était la __________.

    <p>Sicile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle a été la durée de la première guerre punique?

    <p>264 à 241 ACN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associez chaque événement à sa description appropriée:

    <p>Première guerre punique = 264 à 241 ACN Victoire à la pyrrhus = Coût plus élevé que les gains Carthage = Dominait le commerce maritime Sicile = Première province romaine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rome a eu un avantage décisif grâce à la rivalité entre patriciens et plébéiens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel était l'objectif principal de Rome en transformant les populations italiennes en alliés?

    <p>Soutenir l'effort de guerre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la première partie de la formule juridique?

    <p>Nominatio iudicis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le demandeur doit toujours solliciter une condamnation dans la formule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le rôle de la partie 'Intentio' dans la formule?

    <p>Expression du droit allégué par le demandeur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le prêteur peut insérer une ______ entre l'Intentio et la Condemnatio.

    <p>exceptio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qui fixe le pouvoir du juge de déclarer la demande comme fondée ou non?

    <p>Condemnatio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Les exceptions de dol et de violence ne peuvent pas être soulevées par le défendeur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est un exemple de question que pourrait poser l'Intentio?

    <p>S'il s'avère que Numerius Negidius est débiteur de 100 000 sesterces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associez chaque terme avec sa définition:

    <p>Nominatio iudicis = Nommer le juge Intentio = Exprimer le droit allégué Condemnatio = Pouvoir de juger Exceptio = Moyen de défense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle action est fondée sur un contrat consensuel de vente?

    <p>Actio venditi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    L'intentio d'une action personnelle mentionne uniquement le nom du demandeur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la différence principale entre les actions réelles et personnelles?

    <p>Les actions réelles sanctionnent des droits réels, tandis que les actions personnelles sanctionnent des droits de créance ou obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Une action qui consiste à déterminer par des bornes les limites d'une propriété est appelée action en _____ .

    <p>bornage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associez chaque type d'action avec son objet:

    <p>Actio familiae erciscundae = Partage de succession Actio venditi = Contrat de vente Actio finium regundorum = Bornage de propriété Actio communi dividundo = Partage de biens indivis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le droit romain reconnaît-il la prescription acquisitive?

    <p>Non</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Le préteur utilise une demonstratio pour toutes les actions civiles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelles sont les trois actions civiles qui incluent l'adjudicatio?

    <p>Actio familiae erciscundae, actio finium regundorum, actio communi dividundo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qui a empoisonné Claude ?

    <p>Agrippine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Néron a été un empereur connu pour sa générosité et sa bienveillance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le nom du premier empereur de la dynastie julio-claudienne ?

    <p>Claude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caligula voulait nommer son cheval consul et cela montre sa __________.

    <p>dégénérescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Associez les empereurs aux événements marquants.

    <p>Néron = Incendie de Rome en 64 Claude = Empoisonnement par Agrippine Vespasien = Gouvernement harmonieux avec le Sénat Domitien = Règnes tyranniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel philosophe est cité comme guide du tyran par Néron ?

    <p>Platon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    L'année 69 a vu la succession de trois empereurs éphémères : Galba, Othon, et Vitellius.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel était le nom du fils de Vespasien qui lui a succédé ?

    <p>Titus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Roman Law

    • Roman law is a collection of legal rules that governed individuals and institutions under Roman political power for over two thousand years, from the legendary founding of Rome to the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
    • The first millennium saw centralized power in Rome, evolving to centralized power in Byzantium after 330 CE.
    • The second millennium saw Rome lose its political power in 476 CE, yet Roman law continued to develop.

    Roman Law - Object, Subject or Positive Law

    • Roman Law refers to the set of rules governing the behaviour of those who were under Roman political authority.
    • Object Law: The body of rules guiding societal behaviour, encompassing rights and duties.
    • Subject Law: Individual rights and immunities recognized by object law.
    • Positive law: The current applicable rules at a given time in a given place.

    Limits of the Chronological Scope of Roman Law

    • Rome's founding is dated to 753 BCE (ab urbe condita) according to historical writing and legendary accounts of the city.
    • The key periods of Roman law development are from the middle of the 2nd century before Christ until the middle of the 3rd century after Christ.
    • Key figures and periods of Roman history are explored in relation to law.

    Legends of Rome

    • The founding of Rome is surrounded by legends of Romulus and Remus. Historical and archaeological evidence supports the founding, despite the legendary stories.
    • The Judgement of Paris is explored, a mythological story that led to the Trojan war.
    • The key concept of hospitality is discussed in relation to the Trojan war.

    The Foundation of Rome

    • Historical/legendary figures like Romulus and Remus are linked to the beginning of Roman political life.
    • Historical writings like Varron, Titus Livy, and the Romans of Halicarnassus date Rome's founding to April 21, 753 BCE.
    • Ancient legends and historical accounts are mentioned as sources for information on Rome and its development; however, these are also recognized as not being entirely accurate and possibly mixed with legend and myth. A conclusion is also reached that some legends may not be completely accurate/reliable.

    The Legend

    • In the beginning, people attributed natural events to supernatural forces (divine beings) they could not explain.
    • The people attempted to appease the gods through rituals such as sacrifice. Temples were created.
    • The myth of the Judgement of Paris is explored (involving a golden apple and the dispute between goddesses).
    • The legend of the founding of Rome is important for understanding early legal and political concepts through exploration of the myths of Aeneas, Romulus, Remus.

    The succession of Romulus

    • The question of who would succeed Romulus was debated.
    • Several figures, including Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquin the Ancient, Servius Tullius, and Tarquin the Proud are discussed in terms of the development of Rome.
    • The transition of power from the founding of Rome is followed.

    The Rise of the Republic

    • Roman law's growth is depicted from the monarchy to the Republic.
    • The transition reflects struggles within the government and changes to political organizations linked to social conditions.
    • The evolution of the Republic and its legal institutions is showcased. The main actors of the period are identified and their actions and positions described to show the importance of the era.

    The Laws of the Twelve Tables

    • The Twelve Tables, a collection of laws, are explored in relation to Roman legal development.
    • Early Roman laws were initially customary practices, not written down until the Twelve Tables were created.
    • Development and significance of the creation of written laws and how it differed from earlier eras are portrayed.

    Later Republican Rome

    • The challenges Rome faced in the Republic and the role of early Republican lawmakers are explored in detail.
    • The Republic transitioned to an empire when Julius Caesar's authority increased dramatically at the end of the Republic.
    • Exploration of the transition to the Empire highlights the influence of Julius Caesar's growing power.

    The Rise of the Empire

    • Julius Caesar's rise to power marks a turning point in Roman history
    • The importance of military leadership and political organization are showcased in the rise of the Roman Empire.
    • The role of Augustus and the establishment of the Principate are emphasized as key events in the development from republic to empire.

    The High Empire

    • The High Empire was an important period of Roman history characterized by relative peace and prosperity.
    • The role of emperors like Augustus and the administrative changes accompanying the rise of the Roman Empire are displayed.
    • The contributions of important figures like Ulpian and Papinian to Roman law during the early Empire are showcased.

    The Late Empire and the Crisis of the Third Century

    • The crisis of the third century featured internal conflicts, leading to the rise and fall of various emperors.
    • The period of instability in the late Empire and the impact on the Roman legal system are depicted
    • The difficulties and challenges endured during this period are outlined.

    The Tetrarchy and the Dominate

    • The transition to a more autocratic system of government is outlined.
    • Diocletian's reforms, including the creation of the tetrarchy (a system of rule by four co-emperors), are discussed.
    • The reorganization of the empire under Diocletian and Constantine are explored. This shift foreshadowed major changes in how Roman law would be preserved.

    The Reign of Justinian

    • Justinian's desire and ultimate achievement of a comprehensive collection of Roman laws are analyzed.
    • The importance of Justinian's codifications (Corpus Juris Civilis) are conveyed.
    • Justinian's legacy in the development of the Corpus Juris Civilis is examined; it has a major impact on law throughout history.

    The Legacy of Roman Law

    • The enduring impact of Roman law throughout history is discussed and it's effects on later legal systems and concepts.
    • The significant influence of Roman law on legal development and its persistence as a foundational concept is highlighted.
    • The unique features of Roman law that contributed to its enduring legacy are analyzed.

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    Testez vos connaissances sur la citoyenneté à Rome et ses implications. Ce quiz aborde les droits, devoirs et figures clés comme Numa et les dieux romains. Découvrez les tribus primitives et les traditions militaires de cette ancienne civilisation.

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