HIST 102 Exam #1 Lecture Outline

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Gilded Age' most directly refer to?

An era characterized by rapid industrial growth and wealth disparity. (correct)

A period of economic decline and poverty.

A time when America was known for its moral failures.

A phase where only the working class flourished economically.

Which of the following best describes the role of 'robber barons' during the Gilded Age?

They were philanthropists who prioritized the welfare of the working class.

They advocated for workers' rights and labor unions.

They regulated industries to promote fair competition.

They monopolized industries and accumulated wealth at the expense of society. (correct)

What was a significant outcome of the Industrial Revolution in terms of urban living?

It led to a decline in technological advancement and urban growth.

It encouraged rural living over urban environments.

It prompted the construction of fewer buildings and infrastructure.

It increased the population living in cities, primarily due to job availability. (correct)

During the period from 1900 to 1912, how many new immigrants were added to the United States each year?

1 million Signup and view all the answers

What were common push factors that led immigrants to leave their home countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Natural disasters and political instability. Signup and view all the answers

By 1920, what percentage of Americans lived in urban areas?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which cities had populations exceeding 100,000 in 1890?

New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic challenge faced by immigrants in the late 19th century?

Discrimination and violence as means of social control. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary role of the Buffalo Soldiers in the war referenced?

They formed the front line for the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Teller Amendment state regarding the U.S. involvement in the war?

The U.S. would only support Cuba's independence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the Platt Amendment's restrictions on Cuba?

Cuba was required to lease land for a U.S. naval base. Signup and view all the answers

What was Teddy Roosevelt's major accomplishment regarding the Panama Canal?

He completed the canal that France had started. Signup and view all the answers

What significant outcome did the Treaty of Paris (1898) achieve for the U.S.?

The U.S. gained territories including the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Roosevelt's foreign policy is illustrated by the Great White Fleet?

It aimed to showcase U.S. naval power. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Rough Riders primarily consist of?

Primarily white soldiers led by Roosevelt. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Progressive Movement relate to the election of 1912?

It caused a split in the Republican Party. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the establishment of the American Protective Association?

Fearing loss of jobs due to immigration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immigrants were primarily associated with Old Immigrants?

Northern and Western Europeans Signup and view all the answers

What architectural feature was common to dumbbell tenements?

Distinctive dumbbell shape Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Legal restrictions on Chinese immigration Signup and view all the answers

How did nativism manifest in American society during the period discussed?

Xenophobia towards foreigners Signup and view all the answers

Why did the treatment of Chinese immigrants begin to change after World War II?

China became an ally of the United States Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant event that influenced the start of the Spanish American War?

The USS Maine explosion Signup and view all the answers

How did yellow journalism impact public perception during the lead-up to the Spanish American War?

It encouraged sympathy for Cuba's fight for independence. Signup and view all the answers

What demographic was largely affected by lynching in the South during the period described?

Black Americans Signup and view all the answers

What role did Ellis Island serve in the immigration process?

The main entry point for Eastern European immigrants Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary promise made in the Teller Amendment during the Spanish American War?

The US would not seek to control Cuba after the war. Signup and view all the answers

Who was known as 'General Butcher' due to his harsh tactics in Cuba?

General Valeriano Weyler Signup and view all the answers

Why was President McKinley hesitant to go to war with Spain?

He believed war was unnecessary and costly. Signup and view all the answers

What was one result of the quick military success in the Spanish American War?

The US gained control of Cuba and the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the de Lome letter in the context of the Spanish American War?

It criticized President McKinley and incited public outrage. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Rough Riders play during the Spanish American War?

They were a cavalry regiment known for their combat efforts in Cuba. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle?

To expose the harsh realities of immigrant life and labor conditions Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislation was influenced by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?

The Pure Food and Drug Act Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the tragic outcomes of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?

Improved fire safety laws were established Signup and view all the answers

What role did Lewis Hine play in improving worker conditions?

He documented child labor through photography Signup and view all the answers

What practice was common in the meat packing industry during the time of The Jungle's publication?

Workers faced dangerous and unsanitary conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was developed to regulate railroad rates and practices?

Interstate Commerce Commission Signup and view all the answers

What was a major consequence of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire?

Significant reforms in labor laws were enacted Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of society did Upton Sinclair aim to critique through his work?

The exploitation of labor, especially immigrants Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Debates Over History

Purpose of history involves national pride versus moral reflection on America’s past.
Historical relevance extends to contemporary societal issues.

Immigration/Rise of the City

Gilded Age characterized by wealthy "robber barons" influencing economy, e.g., Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan.
Industrial Revolution transformed urban living, making work accessibility easier.
Significant immigration wave between 1880-1920, with 1 million new arrivals annually (1900-1912).
Urban population grew from 20% (1859) to 50% (1920); cities expanded rapidly.
Old immigrants primarily from Northern/Western Europe; new immigrants from Southern/Eastern Europe, often Catholic or Jewish.
Ellis Island served as a primary entry point for European immigrants; Angel Island for those from the West.
Nativism fueled discrimination against immigrants; American Protective Association formed in 1887.
Chinese Exclusion Act restricted Chinese immigration following labor competition concerns.
Lynching of African Americans justified by societal racism; horrific examples include Jesse Washington and Mary Turner.

Imperialism

U.S. intervention in Hawaii involved the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani.
Cuban Revolution fueled by grievances against Spanish rule; U.S. involvement amalgamated with "yellow journalism."
Spanish-American War sparked by events like the USS Maine explosion and the De Lome letter.
Treaty of Paris (1898) established Cuba's independence and ceded territories like the Philippines to the U.S.
Platt Amendment imposed restrictions on Cuba’s sovereignty, allowing U.S. intervention in politics and land leasing.

Progressivism

Progressive Movement aimed at addressing social issues and implementing reforms.
Teddy Roosevelt championed consumer protections and regulatory acts, spurred by muckrakers like Upton Sinclair.
Significant events included the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, revealing worker exploitation and leading to labor laws.
Women's activism played a key role in social changes, focusing on uplift and greater rights.
Election of 1912 showcased splits in the Republican Party, enabling Wilson's Progressive agenda.
Pure Food and Drug Act established essential labeling requirements for food safety and sanitation.

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Description

This quiz outlines key concepts and debates regarding the purpose of history and its relevance to contemporary issues. It includes discussions on whether American history serves to instill pride or provoke critical reflection on moral failures. Explore various interpretations of history and their implications for present-day society.