Hippocampal Memory Structures and Visual Recognition Memory

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When do infants typically acquire the ability to use personal pronouns like 'I' and 'me'?

5 months old

22 months old (correct)

2-4 years old

6-12 months old

Why do first-born children tend to have memories earlier than later-born children according to the text?

Later-born children have childhood amnesia

Later-born children are less intelligent

First-born children have better memory genes

First-born children have more child-parent interactions (correct)

What is the proposed influence of parents talking to their children about past events?

Parents cause infantile amnesia in children

Parents strengthen their children's memories (correct)

Parents help their children forget past events

Parents hinder their children's memory development

Which factor is suggested as possibly contributing to differences in memory recall between first-born and later-born children?

Cultural emphasis on verbal recounts of personal experiences Signup and view all the answers

What does the absence of verbal recall in the test involving the shrinking machine suggest?

Children only recalled events that had language cues during encoding Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where infants forget faster in infancy than later in life?

Childhood Amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of infants' memory representations as assessed by behavioural techniques?

They are highly specific Signup and view all the answers

In a deferred imitation task, what happens when an infant is shown a target task with one object (e.g., a cow) and then later given a different object (e.g., a duck) to perform the same task?

The infant struggles to imitate due to the change in specific traits and details Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor contributing to age-related changes in retention in infants?

Additional cues available in the environment Signup and view all the answers

Why is language development considered significant in aiding memory retention for infants?

It provides additional cues and helps in verbally rehearsing memories Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is identified as important for long-term information storing in infants?

Medial temporal lobe -> hippocampal formation and parahippocampal gyrus Signup and view all the answers

How does brain development contribute to memory formation according to the text?

Multiple brain areas are involved in encoding, storing, and retrieving memories Signup and view all the answers

What structures are involved in visual recognition memory according to the text?

Rhinal cortices and hippocampal formation Signup and view all the answers

Why might early episodes not be remembered according to the text?

Visual pathways used to create them no longer exist in adulthood Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structures are anatomically more mature at birth than previously thought?

Hippocampal structures Signup and view all the answers

What do studies suggest about the maturation of inferior temporal cortical areas?

They reach adult-like maturity at 12 months Signup and view all the answers

According to research in monkeys, what might age-related changes in memory across infancy reflect?

Slow maturation of cortical areas rather than hippocampal changes Signup and view all the answers

Why is retention in experimental studies noted as being short according to the text?

Visual pathways not effectively utilized during retention tests Signup and view all the answers

What should be ruled out as a behavioural limitation before calling it a cognitive limitation?

Memory evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which preference sequence might infants show over a period of 1 month after habituation?

Novelty preference -> familiarity preference -> null preference Signup and view all the answers

What did the 5 month olds show up to 15 months later in the still face experiment?

Memory evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the face to be recognized as the mother's in infants?

Voice must be presented with the face Signup and view all the answers

What factor may predict how or if memory is expressed in infants?

Emotional salience of stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What should be used when assessing memory in infants according to the text?

Age-appropriate behaviors Signup and view all the answers

How is memory assessed in infants?

Through a visual paired comparison task Signup and view all the answers

Which task involves familiarizing infants with a stimulus and then testing their preference for novel stimuli?

Visual paired comparison task Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory involves judging whether a stimulus or event has been experienced before?

Recognition memory Signup and view all the answers

When are older infants able to remember events for longer periods according to the text?

Older infants remember for longer periods than younger infants Signup and view all the answers

What did the text mention about memory retention in infants related to gestation period?

Infants with longer gestation periods exhibit greater memory retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of deferred imitation in studying infant memory?

To evaluate recall memory by testing infants' ability to reproduce actions Signup and view all the answers

How do older infants differ from younger infants regarding recalling two-step events?

Younger infants can recall the sequence but not the actions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between assessing adult and infant memory according to the text?

Adults rely more on recall memory, while infants rely more on recognition memory. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the text suggest that multiple measures help in studying infant memory?

They allow for identifying developmental changes at a general level. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion does the text highlight about infant memories compared to adult memories?

Infant memories are impoverished compared to adult memories. Signup and view all the answers