Hip Joint Anatomy Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the synovial membrane in the hip joint?

  • To secrete synovial fluid for lubrication (correct)
  • To provide structural support to the femur
  • To connect the ligaments of the hip joint
  • To transport nutrients to the cartilage
  • Which anatomical structure does the synovial membrane NOT cover?

  • Femoral neck
  • Tendon of the iliopsoas muscle (correct)
  • Acetabular labrum
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Which movement is NOT characteristic of the hip joint?

  • Gliding (correct)
  • Abduction
  • Circumduction
  • Flexion
  • Where does the synovial membrane continue onto the femoral neck?

    <p>To the chondro-osseous junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the prolongation of the synovial membrane beyond the fibrous capsule?

    <p>To serve as a bursa for the obturator externus tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?

    <p>Spheroidal synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the cartilage on the head of the femur thickest?

    <p>Superiorly in line of weight bearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the articular (lunate) surface of the acetabulum?

    <p>Horse-shoe-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure bridges over the acetabular notch?

    <p>Transverse acetabular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the acetabular labrum contributes to the stability of the hip joint?

    <p>Free thin edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is found at the pit or fovea on the head of the femur?

    <p>Attachment of the ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint attach proximally?

    <p>Edge of the acetabulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the acetabular labrum?

    <p>Enhances stability of the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect occurs when the hip is extended, leading to a firmer fit of the femoral head into the acetabulum?

    <p>Screw-home effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is specifically mentioned as preventing hyper-extension of the hip joint during full extension?

    <p>Iliofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pubofemoral ligament in relation to hip joint motion?

    <p>Restricts abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is described as lying on the posterior aspect of the joint capsule?

    <p>Ischiofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ligament of the head of femur?

    <p>Transmits blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ligaments of the hip joint during flexion?

    <p>They remain lax, allowing increased femoral mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ligament of the head of femur is categorized as what type of ligament?

    <p>Intracapsular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the ‘locking of the hip joint’ allowing for minimal energy expenditure while standing?

    <p>Iliofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is considered the most important source of blood to the femoral head in adults?

    <p>Medial circumflex femoral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication may occur due to a fracture of the femoral neck?

    <p>Aseptic avascular necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the ligament of the femoral head?

    <p>Artery to the head of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Garden classification, which type represents a nondisplaced fracture?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially be the only remaining source of blood to the proximal fragment of the femoral head after a fracture?

    <p>Artery to the ligament of the femoral head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the blood supply to the neck and head of the femur?

    <p>It is supplied by branches of both circumflex femoral arteries and the obturator artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification type corresponds to a complete displacement between the femoral head and neck?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome in the proximal fragment of the femoral head after a neck fracture if there is inadequate blood supply?

    <p>Necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition that causes the neck of the femur to be prone to fracture in individuals over sixty years of age?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is more likely to experience severe osteoporosis, leading to a higher risk of femoral neck fractures?

    <p>Women post-menopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is typically sufficient to cause a fracture of the femoral neck in individuals with osteoporosis?

    <p>Small force from falling or tripping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication arises from a fracture of the neck of the femur that can affect the femoral head?

    <p>Ischemic necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of osteoarthritis affecting the hip joint?

    <p>Progressive destruction of articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hip Joint Anatomy

    • The hip joint is a spheroidal synovial joint.
    • Formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone.
    • A typical "ball-and-socket" joint.

    Articular Surfaces

    • Head of the femur is globular and forms two-thirds of a sphere, covered by articular cartilage.
    • Articular cartilage is thickest superiorly in the line of weight-bearing.
    • Cartilage thins out inferiorly and is missing at the fovea where the ligament of the head of femur attaches.
    • Acetabulum's articular (lunate) surface is horseshoe-shaped.
    • Cartilage in the acetabulum is thick superiorly, but thins out inferiorly.
    • Articular surface forms an arch around the non-articular acetabular fossa, which contains fat covered by the synovial membrane.
    • The rim of the acetabulum bears the acetabular notch inferiorly.
    • The acetabular notch is bridged by the transverse acetabular ligament.
    • The acetabulum is thickened by a fibrocartilage known as the acetabular labrum.

    Acetabular Labrum

    • Attached to the bony rim of the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament.
    • Its free thin edge cups around the head of femur and holds it firmly.
    • Helps prevent dislocation.

    Articular Capsule

    • Strong and thick, consisting of a synovial and a fibrous component.
    • The fibrous capsule attaches proximally to the edge of the acetabulum.
    • The iliofemoral ligament is a strong triangular band that reinforces the capsule. It prevents hyper-extension and helps with "locking" of the hip joint.
    • Pubofemoral ligament helps to restrict abduction and extension.
    • Ischiofemoral ligament spirals superiorly over the posterior aspect of the femoral neck.

    Ligament of the Head of Femur

    • Intracapsular, surrounded by synovial membrane.
    • The artery of the head of femur travels within this ligament, a branch of the obturator artery.
    • Arises from the margins of the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligament.
    • Ends in the fovea of the head of femur.
    • Might not significantly prevent dislocation but stretches when the femur is abducted.

    Blood Supply of the Head and Neck of Femur

    • Branches of the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries (branches of the profunda femoris artery).
    • Artery of the head of femur, a branch of the obturator artery.
    • Medial circumflex femoral artery is the most important source of blood supply in adults.
    • Fractures of the femoral neck can disrupt blood supply, leading to ischemic necrosis, also known as avascular necrosis.

    Synovial Membrane

    • Lines the fibrous capsule, the ligament of the head of femur, and covers the acetabular labrum.
    • Extends laterally from the acetabular rim and is reflected onto the femoral neck within the joint cavity.
    • Prolongation of the synovial membrane beyond the free inferior margin of the fibrous capsule posteriorly serves as a bursa for the tendon of the obturator externus muscle.

    Movements of the Hip Joint

    • Capable of a wide range of movements:
      • Extension and flexion
      • Abduction and adduction
      • Medial and lateral rotation
      • Circumduction

    Traumatic Fracture of the Neck of Femur

    • More prone in individuals over sixty years of age.
    • Occurs due to osteoporosis, more common in women due to hormonal imbalance after menopause.
    • Results in a small force being sufficient to cause the fracture.
    • This type of fracture interferes with the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to ischemic necrosis.

    Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Arthritis)

    • A painful condition where articular cartilage is progressively destroyed.
    • Leads to bits of cartilage disappearing, making articular surfaces uneven and causing pain.

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    Hip Joint Anatomy PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the hip joint, focusing on its structure as a spheroidal synovial joint. It includes details about the articular surfaces, cartilage features, and the acetabular labrum, providing insight into its functional mechanics and importance in weight-bearing. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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