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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane in the hip joint?
Which anatomical structure does the synovial membrane NOT cover?
Which movement is NOT characteristic of the hip joint?
Where does the synovial membrane continue onto the femoral neck?
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What is the purpose of the prolongation of the synovial membrane beyond the fibrous capsule?
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What type of joint is the hip joint classified as?
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Where is the cartilage on the head of the femur thickest?
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What is the shape of the articular (lunate) surface of the acetabulum?
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What structure bridges over the acetabular notch?
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Which part of the acetabular labrum contributes to the stability of the hip joint?
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What feature is found at the pit or fovea on the head of the femur?
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To what does the fibrous capsule of the hip joint attach proximally?
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What is the main function of the acetabular labrum?
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What effect occurs when the hip is extended, leading to a firmer fit of the femoral head into the acetabulum?
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Which ligament is specifically mentioned as preventing hyper-extension of the hip joint during full extension?
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What is the primary role of the pubofemoral ligament in relation to hip joint motion?
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Which ligament is described as lying on the posterior aspect of the joint capsule?
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What is the main function of the ligament of the head of femur?
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What happens to the ligaments of the hip joint during flexion?
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The ligament of the head of femur is categorized as what type of ligament?
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Which structure is responsible for the ‘locking of the hip joint’ allowing for minimal energy expenditure while standing?
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Which artery is considered the most important source of blood to the femoral head in adults?
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What complication may occur due to a fracture of the femoral neck?
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Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the ligament of the femoral head?
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In the Garden classification, which type represents a nondisplaced fracture?
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What could potentially be the only remaining source of blood to the proximal fragment of the femoral head after a fracture?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the blood supply to the neck and head of the femur?
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Which classification type corresponds to a complete displacement between the femoral head and neck?
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What is the likely outcome in the proximal fragment of the femoral head after a neck fracture if there is inadequate blood supply?
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What is the primary condition that causes the neck of the femur to be prone to fracture in individuals over sixty years of age?
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Which demographic is more likely to experience severe osteoporosis, leading to a higher risk of femoral neck fractures?
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What type of force is typically sufficient to cause a fracture of the femoral neck in individuals with osteoporosis?
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What complication arises from a fracture of the neck of the femur that can affect the femoral head?
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What is the key characteristic of osteoarthritis affecting the hip joint?
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Study Notes
Hip Joint Anatomy
- The hip joint is a spheroidal synovial joint.
- Formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone.
- A typical "ball-and-socket" joint.
Articular Surfaces
- Head of the femur is globular and forms two-thirds of a sphere, covered by articular cartilage.
- Articular cartilage is thickest superiorly in the line of weight-bearing.
- Cartilage thins out inferiorly and is missing at the fovea where the ligament of the head of femur attaches.
- Acetabulum's articular (lunate) surface is horseshoe-shaped.
- Cartilage in the acetabulum is thick superiorly, but thins out inferiorly.
- Articular surface forms an arch around the non-articular acetabular fossa, which contains fat covered by the synovial membrane.
- The rim of the acetabulum bears the acetabular notch inferiorly.
- The acetabular notch is bridged by the transverse acetabular ligament.
- The acetabulum is thickened by a fibrocartilage known as the acetabular labrum.
Acetabular Labrum
- Attached to the bony rim of the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament.
- Its free thin edge cups around the head of femur and holds it firmly.
- Helps prevent dislocation.
Articular Capsule
- Strong and thick, consisting of a synovial and a fibrous component.
- The fibrous capsule attaches proximally to the edge of the acetabulum.
- The iliofemoral ligament is a strong triangular band that reinforces the capsule. It prevents hyper-extension and helps with "locking" of the hip joint.
- Pubofemoral ligament helps to restrict abduction and extension.
- Ischiofemoral ligament spirals superiorly over the posterior aspect of the femoral neck.
Ligament of the Head of Femur
- Intracapsular, surrounded by synovial membrane.
- The artery of the head of femur travels within this ligament, a branch of the obturator artery.
- Arises from the margins of the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligament.
- Ends in the fovea of the head of femur.
- Might not significantly prevent dislocation but stretches when the femur is abducted.
Blood Supply of the Head and Neck of Femur
- Branches of the lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries (branches of the profunda femoris artery).
- Artery of the head of femur, a branch of the obturator artery.
- Medial circumflex femoral artery is the most important source of blood supply in adults.
- Fractures of the femoral neck can disrupt blood supply, leading to ischemic necrosis, also known as avascular necrosis.
Synovial Membrane
- Lines the fibrous capsule, the ligament of the head of femur, and covers the acetabular labrum.
- Extends laterally from the acetabular rim and is reflected onto the femoral neck within the joint cavity.
- Prolongation of the synovial membrane beyond the free inferior margin of the fibrous capsule posteriorly serves as a bursa for the tendon of the obturator externus muscle.
Movements of the Hip Joint
- Capable of a wide range of movements:
- Extension and flexion
- Abduction and adduction
- Medial and lateral rotation
- Circumduction
Traumatic Fracture of the Neck of Femur
- More prone in individuals over sixty years of age.
- Occurs due to osteoporosis, more common in women due to hormonal imbalance after menopause.
- Results in a small force being sufficient to cause the fracture.
- This type of fracture interferes with the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to ischemic necrosis.
Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Arthritis)
- A painful condition where articular cartilage is progressively destroyed.
- Leads to bits of cartilage disappearing, making articular surfaces uneven and causing pain.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the hip joint, focusing on its structure as a spheroidal synovial joint. It includes details about the articular surfaces, cartilage features, and the acetabular labrum, providing insight into its functional mechanics and importance in weight-bearing. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.
