Hip Impingement Syndrome

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Questions and Answers

In the context of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which biomechanical consequence most directly arises from a combined cam and pincer deformity, leading to accelerated articular cartilage degradation?

  • Circumferential hoop stress reduction at the acetabular rim, enhancing joint stability during extreme ranges of motion.
  • Non-physiologic shear loading concentrated at the anterolateral acetabular rim during flexion and internal rotation. (correct)
  • Uniform distribution of compressive forces across the acetabular surface, paradoxically protecting the labrum from shear stresses.
  • Increased synovial fluid viscosity resulting in enhanced hydrodynamic lubrication and decreased frictional forces.

A 68-year-old female presents with chronic groin pain exacerbated by hip flexion and internal rotation. Imaging reveals subtle osseous changes indicative of borderline FAI. Which advanced diagnostic modality would provide the MOST definitive assessment of early chondrolabral junction pathology and inform surgical decision-making?

  • Static weight-bearing radiographs with Dunn view to quantify the alpha angle.
  • Conventional T1-weighted MRI with intra-articular gadolinium contrast.
  • Computed tomography arthrography with multiplanar reconstruction and 3D rendering.
  • Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) to assess glycosaminoglycan content. (correct)

When managing iliopsoas tendinopathy in an elite-level gymnast, which of the following rehabilitative strategies is MOST critical to incorporate during the late-stage return-to-sport protocol to minimize recurrence?

  • Progressive resisted hip flexion exercises in shortened ranges of motion to minimize peak tendon load.
  • High-repetition, low-load concentric exercises to enhance tendon vascularity and promote healing.
  • Isolated iliopsoas stretching focusing on end-range hip extension to improve flexibility.
  • Neuromuscular control and core stabilization exercises emphasizing dynamic pelvic control during simulated gymnastic movements. (correct)

In a patient presenting with persistent gluteal tendinopathy refractory to conventional conservative management, what is the MOST appropriate next-line therapeutic intervention, considering the limitations of corticosteroid injections?

<p>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection to deliver concentrated growth factors and stimulate tendon repair. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a displaced femoral neck fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in an 82-year-old patient with pre-existing avascular necrosis (AVN), which post-operative complication carries the HIGHEST risk of requiring conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) within one year?

<p>Rapid progression of AVN with segmental collapse of the femoral head. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biomechanical parameter is MOST crucial to optimize during surgical planning for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a patient with a history of recurrent hip dislocations following previous THA?

<p>Center of rotation to restore native hip joint biomechanics and stability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the management of trochanteric bursitis, what is the MOST compelling rationale for utilizing ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections compared to landmark-guided injections?

<p>Enhanced precision in targeting the inflamed bursa and improved visualization of surrounding structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which objective clinical finding would MOST strongly suggest a diagnosis of iliopsoas bursitis rather than intra-articular hip pathology?

<p>Pain with resisted hip flexion that is reproduced by palpation deep to the inguinal ligament. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with advanced hip osteoarthritis awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA), which pre-operative intervention has demonstrated the GREATEST potential for improving post-operative functional outcomes and reducing the length of hospital stay?

<p>Prehabilitation program focusing on hip abductor strengthening and gait re-training. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST critical surgical consideration when performing total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a patient with severe acetabular bone loss secondary to rheumatoid arthritis?

<p>Reconstructing the acetabular defect with structural bone allograft or a metal augmentation to provide adequate implant support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the diagnostic evaluation of a suspected metastatic lesion to the hip in a patient with a known history of prostate cancer, which imaging modality offers the HIGHEST sensitivity for detecting early bone marrow involvement?

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect subtle changes in bone marrow cellularity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When managing a patient with a pathological hip fracture secondary to metastatic lung cancer, what is the PRIMARY goal of surgical intervention?

<p>Providing immediate pain relief, restoring functional mobility, and improving the patient's quality of life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hip impingement syndrome, which of the following surgical interventions would be MOST appropriate for addressing a combined cam and pincer lesion with associated labral tear and chondral damage?

<p>Arthroscopic labral repair or reconstruction combined with femoral osteochondroplasty and acetabular rim trimming. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST significant long-term complication associated with corticosteroid injections for the management of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS)?

<p>Tendon atrophy and increased risk of tendon rupture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a skeletally immature patient presenting with hip pain and radiographic evidence of a Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE), what is the PRIMARY goal of surgical intervention?

<p>Restoring hip range of motion and preventing long-term complications such as avascular necrosis and chondrolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a patient for potential hip arthritis, which of the following clinical findings is MOST indicative of advanced disease requiring surgical intervention?

<p>Progressive loss of internal rotation and flexion with pain at end ranges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a geriatric patient presenting with an intertrochanteric hip fracture and significant medical comorbidities, which surgical fixation method is MOST likely to facilitate early weight-bearing and reduce the risk of fixation failure?

<p>Cephalomedullary nail. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a total hip arthroplasty (THA), which postoperative complication is MOST strongly associated with an increased risk of long-term revision surgery due to aseptic loosening?

<p>Polyethylene wear and osteolysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the evaluation of a patient with suspected hip pain, what is the MOST critical historical factor to differentiate between intra-articular hip pathology and referred pain from the lumbar spine?

<p>Mechanical symptoms such as clicking, catching, or locking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-operative treatment strategy has demonstrated the GREATEST efficacy in reducing pain and improving function in active individuals with gluteal tendinopathy?

<p>Eccentric exercises targeting the gluteal muscles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate initial imaging modality to evaluate a patient presenting with acute hip pain following a high-energy trauma, such as a motor vehicle collision?

<p>Computed tomography (CT) scan of the hip and pelvis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with severe hip osteoarthritis and a fixed flexion contracture, what surgical technique is MOST critical to address during total hip arthroplasty (THA) to optimize postoperative hip extension and gait mechanics?

<p>Iliopsoas tendon release. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following postoperative rehabilitation protocols is MOST appropriate for a patient following arthroscopic labral repair and femoral osteochondroplasty for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)?

<p>Partial weight-bearing for 2 weeks, followed by progressive weight-bearing, and emphasis on core stabilization and neuromuscular control exercises. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the management of a patient with trochanteric bursitis, which of the following injection techniques is MOST likely to provide long-term pain relief and prevent recurrence?

<p>Ultrasound-guided injection of corticosteroid and local anesthetic into the gluteus medius and minimus tendons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST common mechanism of failure following surgical fixation of an intertrochanteric hip fracture with a sliding hip screw in an osteoporotic patient?

<p>Cut-out of the lag screw from the femoral head. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has the GREATEST influence on the long-term survival of a total hip arthroplasty (THA)?

<p>Bearing surface material used in the THA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST sensitive clinical test for diagnosing a labral tear of the hip?

<p>Scour test. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with hip pain and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial non-operative treatment?

<p>Physical therapy and activity modification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST common primary malignant bone tumor that affects the hip region in adolescents and young adults?

<p>Osteosarcoma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)?

<p>To repair or reconstruct the torn labrum and reshape the femoral head-neck junction and acetabulum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important factor to consider when determining the appropriate treatment for a hip fracture in an elderly patient?

<p>Patient's pre-fracture functional status and comorbidities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hip tendinitis, which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial management strategy for iliopsoas tendinitis?

<p>Iliopsoas muscle stretching and activity modification. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of hip pain in young adults?

<p>Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for hip bursitis?

<p>To reduce inflammation and pain in the bursa. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hip arthritis, which of the following is the MOST effective long-term treatment option for relieving pain and restoring function in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis?

<p>Total hip arthroplasty (THA). (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with metastatic cancer to the hip, which of the following is the MOST important consideration when planning surgical treatment?

<p>Providing pain relief and improving quality of life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hip Impingement (FAI)

Abnormal contact between the femoral head and acetabulum, damaging cartilage/labrum.

Cam Impingement

Abnormally shaped femoral head doesn't fit smoothly into the acetabulum.

Pincer Impingement

Excessive acetabulum coverage leads to impingement.

Combined Impingement

Combination of both cam and pincer deformities.

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Tendinitis

Inflammation or irritation of a tendon.

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Hip Fractures

Breaks in the upper femur near the hip joint.

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Femoral Neck Fracture

Fracture at the upper part of femur.

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Intertrochanteric Fracture

Fracture between the trochanters.

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Subtrochanteric Fracture

Fracture below the trochanters.

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Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa.

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Trochanteric Bursitis

Bursitis over the greater trochanter of the femur.

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Iliopsoas Bursitis

Bursitis in the groin region.

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Hip Arthritis

Breakdown of cartilage in the hip joint.

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Osteoarthritis

Wear and tear of cartilage over time.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune disease affecting the hip joint.

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Primary Bone Cancer (Hip)

Tumor originating in bone/soft tissues around the hip.

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Metastatic Cancer (Hip)

Cancer spread to the hip from another site.

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Study Notes

  • Hip conditions encompass disorders affecting the hip joint and surrounding tissues.
  • These conditions can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, impacting daily activities.
  • Common hip conditions include impingement syndrome, tendinitis, hip fractures, bursitis, hip arthritis, and cancer.

Impingement Syndrome

  • Hip impingement, also known as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), occurs when there is abnormal contact between the femoral head and the acetabulum.
  • This abnormal contact can damage the cartilage and labrum in the hip joint, leading to pain and limited range of motion.
  • There are three types of FAI: cam, pincer, and combined.
  • Cam impingement involves an abnormally shaped femoral head that doesn't fit smoothly into the acetabulum.
  • Pincer impingement occurs when the acetabulum has excessive coverage, leading to impingement.
  • Combined impingement involves both cam and pincer deformities.
  • Symptoms of hip impingement include groin pain, stiffness, and clicking or catching sensations in the hip.
  • Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI, and sometimes diagnostic injections.
  • Treatment options range from conservative measures like physical therapy and pain medication to surgery such as arthroscopy to correct the underlying structural abnormalities.

Tendinitis

  • Tendinitis is the inflammation or irritation of a tendon, which is a thick cord that attaches muscle to bone.
  • Hip tendinitis commonly affects the tendons around the hip joint, such as the iliopsoas tendon, gluteal tendons, or hamstring tendons.
  • Overuse, repetitive motions, or sudden injuries can cause hip tendinitis.
  • Symptoms include pain, tenderness, and stiffness in the affected area, which may worsen with activity.
  • Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and imaging studies may be used to rule out other conditions.
  • Treatment options include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), pain medication, physical therapy, and sometimes corticosteroid injections.

Hip Fractures

  • Hip fractures are breaks in the upper part of the femur, typically occurring near the hip joint.
  • They are common in older adults due to age-related bone weakening (osteoporosis) and increased risk of falls.
  • Hip fractures can be classified based on their location: femoral neck fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures.
  • Symptoms of a hip fracture include severe pain in the hip or groin, inability to move or put weight on the leg, and leg shortening or external rotation.
  • Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and X-rays.
  • Treatment usually requires surgery to repair or replace the hip joint, followed by rehabilitation to regain strength and mobility.

Bursitis

  • Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, which is a fluid-filled sac that cushions the bones, tendons, and muscles near a joint.
  • Trochanteric bursitis is a common condition affecting the bursa located over the greater trochanter of the femur.
  • Iliopsoas bursitis affects the bursa located in the groin region.
  • Overuse, repetitive motions, trauma, or underlying conditions like arthritis can cause hip bursitis.
  • Symptoms include pain, tenderness, and swelling in the affected area, which may worsen with activity or pressure.
  • Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and imaging studies may be used to rule out other conditions.
  • Treatment options include rest, ice, pain medication, physical therapy, and sometimes corticosteroid injections.

Hip Arthritis

  • Hip arthritis is a degenerative condition characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the hip joint.
  • Osteoarthritis is the most common type of hip arthritis, resulting from wear and tear of the cartilage over time.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can also affect the hip joint, causing inflammation and damage to the cartilage.
  • Symptoms of hip arthritis include pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion in the hip joint, which may worsen with activity.
  • Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, X-rays, and sometimes other imaging studies.
  • Treatment options range from conservative measures like pain medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications to surgery such as hip replacement.

Cancer

  • Cancer can affect the hip joint either as a primary tumor originating in the bone or soft tissues around the hip or as a result of metastasis from another site in the body.
  • Primary bone cancers such as osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma can occur in the hip region.
  • Metastatic cancer can spread to the hip from other areas such as the breast, prostate, lung, or kidney.
  • Symptoms of cancer in the hip may include pain, swelling, and limited range of motion.
  • Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.
  • Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.

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