Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of impingement is characterized by a nonspherical femoral head?

  • Labral Impingement
  • Pincer Impingement
  • CAM Impingement (correct)
  • Mixed Impingement

    • Pincer impingement occurs due to a perfectly shaped femoral head.

    False

    What are the common symptoms of Femoroacetabular Impingement?

    Pain in hip, limited range of motion, and pain with hip rotation.

    The tear most commonly associated with Femoroacetabular Impingement is the __________ tear.

    <p>labral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of impingement with its description:

    <p>CAM Impingement = Nonspherical femoral head Pincer Impingement = Overhanging acetabular rim Mixed Impingement = Combination of CAM and Pincer Labral Tear = Fibrocartilaginous rim injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT a common cause of FAI?

    <p>Yoga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FAI can occur without any symptoms in some individuals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tests are used to reproduce symptoms of Femoroacetabular Impingement?

    <p>Impingement Tests such as FADIR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary consequence of untreated Femoroacetabular Impingement is the development of __________.

    <p>osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is more likely to experience Femoroacetabular Impingement?

    <p>Adolescents and athletes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a positive test during hip examination?

    <p>Reproduction of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Surgical treatment for Femoral Acetabular Impingements includes arthroscopic resection and labral repair.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the initial two movements performed during a passive hip examination?

    <p>Flexion and External Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the labral repair, flexion is limited to ______ degrees.

    <p>80-90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the treatment phase with its description:

    <p>Phase I = Protected weight-bearing, gentle isometric exercise, ROM within pain-free range Phase II = Progression of strengthening and ROM Phase III = Full activities without restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conservative treatment for Femoral Acetabular Impingements?

    <p>Mobility and strengthening exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weight-bearing restrictions after surgery last for four weeks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary symptoms indicative of Femoral Acetabular Impingements?

    <p>Pain and/or clicking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _______ and _______ are movements included in the passive internal rotation examination.

    <p>Adduction, Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the expected full range of motion achieved post-rehabilitation?

    <p>By 4-6 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)

    • A condition caused by an abnormal shape of the hip joint, affecting either the acetabulum (hip socket) or the femoral head (top of the thigh bone).
    • Leads to bone-on-bone rubbing, causing pain, limitation in range of motion (ROM), and potential damage to the joint cartilage.
    • Untreated FAI can lead to osteoarthritis.
    • Common in adolescents, adults, and athletes of all ages.

    FAI Classification

    • CAM Impingement: Non-spherical femoral head.
    • Pincer Impingement: Overhanging rim of the acetabulum at the anterolateral aspect, characterized by extra bone growth.
    • Mixed: Both CAM and Pincer types present.

    FAI - Damage to the Hip Joint

    • Pincer Impingement: Damage to the acetabular labrum, a ring of cartilage that helps stabilize the hip joint, and potential articular damage, increasing the risk of osteoarthritis.
    • CAM Impingement: Non-perfectly round femoral head engages with the acetabulum, causing articular cartilage damage due to delamination (separation of cartilage layers).

    Etiology and Symptoms of FAI

    • Etiology: Repetitive stress activities, common in athletes such as hockey players, soccer players, runners, and dancers.
    • Symptoms: Hip pain, limited ROM, painful hip rotation, pain after prolonged sitting, and pain during sit-to-stand motions.
    • Diagnosis: Impingement tests like the Forced Flexion, Adduction, and Internal Rotation (FADIR) test can reproduce symptoms.

    Labral Tear

    • Commonly found in conjunction with FAI.
    • Can occur due to trauma or repetitive stress activities.
    • Most common site for a tear is ANTERIOR.
    • Labrum is a fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the acetabulum, deepening the hip socket and providing stability.

    Labral Tear Symptoms

    • Hip or groin pain.
    • Catching or clicking in the hip joint.
    • Painful hip rotation.
    • Aggravated by prolonged sitting, standing, or walking.
    • Stiffness or limited ROM in the hip joint.

    Labral Tear Treatment

    • Conservative Treatment: Mobility and strengthening exercises.
    • Surgical Treatment: Arthroscopic resection/debridement or labral repair.
      • Labral Debridement: Removal of damaged labral tissue, with 2 weeks of weightbearing (WB) restrictions and no ROM limitations.
      • Labral Repair or Refixation: External rotation (ER) limited for 4 weeks with antirotation bolster, flexion limited to 80-90 degrees, and 50% body weight WB.

    Rehabilitation for Labral Tears

    • Phase I (Protected WB): Gentle isometric exercises, ROM within pain-free range.
    • Phase II: Progression of strengthening and ROM exercises.
    • Full ROM is expected by 4-6 weeks.

    Testing for Anterior Labral Tear

    • A specific test involves bringing the hip into flexion, external rotation, and abduction, followed by passive internal rotation, adduction, and extension.
    • A positive test reproduces symptoms such as pain and/or clicking.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the condition of Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI), its classifications, and implications for the hip joint. Learn about CAM and Pincer Impingement and the consequences of untreated FAI. Ideal for students and professionals interested in orthopedics.

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