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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is NOT involved in hip external rotation?
Which muscle is NOT involved in hip external rotation?
What is the range of motion for hip external rotation when the knee is in flexion?
What is the range of motion for hip external rotation when the knee is in flexion?
Which of the following factors can limit the motion of hip external rotation?
Which of the following factors can limit the motion of hip external rotation?
What happens when there is weakness in hip external rotation?
What happens when there is weakness in hip external rotation?
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What is the nerve supply for the quadratus femoris muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the quadratus femoris muscle?
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Where does the piriformis muscle insert?
Where does the piriformis muscle insert?
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Which muscle is responsible for laterally rotating the hip and stabilizing the joint?
Which muscle is responsible for laterally rotating the hip and stabilizing the joint?
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What effect does contracture of hip external rotation have?
What effect does contracture of hip external rotation have?
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Study Notes
Hip External Rotation
- Primary Muscles: Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior
- Range of Motion: 45 degrees of lateral rotation with the knee flexed. Less amplitude with a straight knee.
- Factors Limiting Motion: Tension of medial iliofemoral ligament and hip medial rotator muscles.
- Effect of Weakness: Weakness leads to medial rotation of the femur, pronation of the foot, and a knock-knee (valgus) position.
- Effect of Contracture: Contracture typically occurs in abduction and limits medial rotation in standing postures. Lateral rotation of the femur and outward-toeing are common.
Anatomy of Piriformis Muscle
- Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum, between sacral foramina.
- Insertion: Apex of greater trochanter.
- Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus.
- Action: External hip rotation and thigh abduction (especially in a flexed position).
Anatomy of Quadratus Femoris Muscle
- Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity.
- Insertion: Quadrate tubercle of femur (just below lesser trochanter).
- Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus.
- Action: Lateral hip rotation and stabilization.
Anatomy of Obturator Internus Muscle
- Origin: Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis/ischial bordering membrane.
- Insertion: Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur.
- Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus.
- Action: Lateral hip rotation and stabilization.
Anatomy of Obturator Externus Muscle
- Origin: Outer surface of obturator membrane, rim of pubis/ischium bordering it.
- Insertion: Trochanteric fossa on medial surface of greater trochanter.
- Nerve Supply: Obturator nerve.
- Action: Lateral hip rotation and stabilization.
Anatomy of Gemellus Superior Muscle
- Origin: Spine of ischium.
- Insertion: Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur.
- Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus.
- Action: Lateral hip rotation and stabilization.
Anatomy of Gemellus Inferior Muscle
- Origin: Upper border of ischial tuberosity.
- Insertion: Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur.
- Nerve Supply: Sacral plexus.
- Action: Lateral hip rotation and stabilization.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and mechanics of hip external rotation. This quiz covers key muscles involved, their actions, and factors affecting motion. Challenge yourself to understand the complexity of hip movements and how weaknesses can affect posture.
