Hip Clinical Conditions Overview

HIP CLINICAL CONDITIONS

• Hip conditions are categorized by patient age group.

YOUNGER PATIENTS

• Apophysitis: Athletic injury, fracture, or dislocation.
• Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa.
• Cam deformity / Femoroacetabular impingement: Abnormal hip shape causing rubbing.
• Congenital Hip Dysplasia: Developmental hip dislocation.
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis / Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inflammation of the hip joint.
• Perthes (Avascular necrosis): Death of bone cells due to poor blood supply.
• Slipped Capital (Upper) Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE / SUFE): Growth plate fracture, causing the head of the femur to slip out of place.
• Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane.

OLDER PATIENTS

• Avascular Necrosis: Death of bone cells due to poor blood supply.
• Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa.
• Neck of Femur Fractures (NOF #): Fracture of the femur's neck.
• Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of cartilage in the hip joint.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disease causing inflammation of joints.
• Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane.
• Total Hip Replacement (THR): Surgical replacement of the hip joint.

INFLAMMATION = ITIS

• Pain, Swelling, Heat, Limp are key symptoms used to identify inflammation in the hip.
• Change in gait and structure can be due to conditions like apophysitis and juvenile arthritis.
• These conditions can sometimes be quite aggressive before treatment.

ARTHRITIS

• Osteoarthritis: Caused by wear and tear on the joint.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disease attacking the joint.
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Autoimmune inflammatory condition, with different types (oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, systemic, psoriatic, enthesitis).

BURSITIS

• Repetitive stress (overuse) injury is a common cause.
• Hip injury, spine issues, leg length difference, weak glutes, rheumatoid arthritis, or previous hip surgery can increase the risk of bursitis.
• Bone spurs or calcium deposits can also cause the condition.

AVASCULAR NECROSIS

• Mechanical disruption (broken hip)
• Alcoholism, Excessive steroid use, Post-trauma (injury), Thrombosis (blood clot), and Hypertension (high blood pressure) can all cause avascular necrosis.

PERTHES "DISEASE"

• A childhood hip condition where blood supply to the femoral head is temporarily disrupted, causing avascular necrosis.
• It involves stages of necrosis, fragmentation, reossification, and healing, which can take 1-2 years.

HIP FRACTURES (TOP ¼ FEMUR)

• Femoral Neck Fracture: A break in the femur's neck
• Intertrochanteric Fracture: Fracture between the two bony protrusions (trochanters) on the femur.

INTRA / EXTRACAPSULAR FRACTURE

• Fracture location in the hip can be categorized as intracapsular (within the hip joint capsule) or extracapsular (outside the hip joint capsule).
• Types include intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric, and transcervical fractures.

HIP FRACTURE MANAGEMENT

• Surgical management is common, often involving the implantation of screws or plates.

SUFE (SCFE)

• A growth plate fracture where the head of the femur slips out of place.
• It's not typically associated with an injury; instead, puberty hormones and weight gain are significant factors.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are essential, often involving surgery.
• Sudden or slow onset of pain in the groin, hip, thigh, or knee, along with reduced movement, can be symptoms

HIP DISLOCATION

• Anterior or posterior displacement of the femoral head from the hip socket.

TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT (THR)

• Surgical procedure to replace the hip joint with artificial components (hemi or total).

FEMORACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT

• A condition where extra bone growth in the hip joint can form an irregular shape (pincer or cam deformity). This can lead to pinching and rubbing, causing hip pain and other symptoms.

DEVELOPING DYSAPLASIA (DDH)

• A condition in which the hip joint doesn't develop correctly, potentially causing dislocation, or subluxation.
• Sometimes described as "clicky hips".

ROTATION OF FEMUR

• Anteversion (inward rotation) or retroversion (outward rotation) of the femur. These affect how a person walks

HIP CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN

• This section likely includes various hip conditions, such as dysplasia, dislocation, avascular necrosis, and others specific to developing children's anatomy.