Hinduism and Buddhism Concepts Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the concept of moral and religious duty in Hinduism, essential for individual, family, and societal well-being?

  • Dharma (correct)
  • Karma
  • Atman
  • Moksha

What is the Hindu concept that describes the human soul, which is believed to be eternal, immortal, and identical to Brahman?

  • Karma
  • Moksha
  • Atman (correct)
  • Brahman

Which of the following best describes the Hindu concept of Brahman?

  • The personal god that is worshiped in temples.
  • The creator god responsible for the birth of the universe.
  • The formless soul of the universe, from which all things arise and return. (correct)
  • The destroyer god responsible for the end of the universe.

Which of the following Hindu Gods is known as the preserver and protector of the universe, often shown with avatars such as Krishna?

<p>Vishnu (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these Hindu scriptures is considered 'remembered' literature, and includes texts like the Ramayana?

<p>Smriti (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of action in Hinduism that emphasizes good deeds and thoughts for accumulating good karma?

<p>Karma Yoga (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four Vedas?

<p>Agni Veda (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Siddhartha Gautama, before becoming the Buddha, had a prophecy foretelling what two paths for his life?

<p>A great king or a wise teacher. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'Bodhisattva' in Buddhism?

<p>An enlightened being who chooses to stay in the cycle of existence to help all beings achieve liberation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Dukkha' refer to in the context of the Three Marks of Existence?

<p>The concept that all life involves suffering. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the Eightfold Path?

<p>Right Desire (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Four Noble Truths, what is the origin of suffering?

<p>Attachment and craving. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the 'Tripitaka'?

<p>The Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, and Abhidhamma Pitaka. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Buddhist concept of 'Annata' suggest?

<p>There is no permanent self; people change throughout life physically and emotionally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Buddhist teachings, what must cease in order to end suffering?

<p>The act of craving. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following figures is considered to be the founder of Buddhism?

<p>Siddhartha Gautama (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the term 'Messiah' within Judaism?

<p>A ruler sent by God to bring peace and harmony. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of Shabbat?

<p>To set aside work and spend time with family and for rejuvenation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Synagogue?

<p>A communal place for gathering, prayer, and study. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Shema' in Jewish tradition?

<p>The Jewish creed of faith, affirming the oneness of God. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of unleavened bread during Passover?

<p>It represents the haste with which the Hebrews fled from slavery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)?

<p>Engaging in a twenty-five-hour fast and prayers of repentance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Torah in Jewish worship?

<p>To act as a source of instruction, law, and essential teaching. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Conservative Judaism view the revelation of the Torah?

<p>As having a human element in revelation, with God revealing to and through the people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the covenant between God and Abraham?

<p>God chose Abraham's descendents to only worship him, offering protection and nationhood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role is primarily associated with the prophets in Judaism?

<p>Acting as spokespersons for God, critiquing injustices and calling for a return to the covenant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt?

<p>The Exodus led by Moses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with King David?

<p>Unifying the tribes of Israel and making Jerusalem the capital. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Mosaic covenant differ from God's covenant with Abraham?

<p>The Mosaic covenant emphasized a specific code of conduct while the Abrahamic was focused on nationhood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Shabbat regarded in Jewish practice?

<p>As a day of both religious observance and a religious festival. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Nicene Creed in Christianity?

<p>It affirms the divinity of Jesus Christ and the doctrine of the Trinity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'schism' in a religious context?

<p>A division/split caused by differences in opinion or belief. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Hijrah in Islam?

<p>It is the migration of Muhammad and his followers to Yathrib. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary religious significance the city of Mecca in Islam?

<p>It is considered the holiest city in Islam and the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea of the term 'Jihad' according to the text?

<p>It is the inner struggle with the will of Allah. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event marked a turning point that led to Muhammad's emigration to Yathrib?

<p>The death of his wife and uncle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between Sunni and Shi'ah Muslims?

<p>Sunnis follow the example of the Prophet and consensus, while Shi'ahs believe in the leadership of Imams. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct understanding of the word 'Muslim'?

<p>A person who submits to the will of Allah. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these events is considered the birth of the Christian Church?

<p>The resurrection of Jesus Christ. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these describes the primary focus of the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther?

<p>Seeking a simpler inner faith, free from long-established rituals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Shahada' in Islam?

<p>The Muslim creed stating, “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the reason behind the Eastern Schism?

<p>The Pope and the Patriarch disagreed on the authority of the church leading to excommunication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Qur’an in Islam?

<p>It is the holiest book, believed to be the direct word of Allah. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the Christian season of Lent end?

<p>On Easter Sunday (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Moksha

Leading the soul toward salvation through honest and moral actions.

Dharma

Code of moral and religious duty. It relates to the responsibilities and duties of an individual and is essential for the well-being of the individual, family, and society.

Atman

The human soul or spirit, is eternal and immortal. It is part of our innermost self that is identical to Brahman. Atman = Brahman.

Brahman

The Supreme Being, is without form or quality. It is the soul of the universe from which all existing things arise and into which they all return. It is everything and everywhere. The essence of Brahman is divine, unlimited, and indescribable.

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Brahma

The Creator God, he is responsible for the creation of the universe and all living things.

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Shiva

The Destroyer God, is responsible for the destruction of the universe.

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Vishnu

The Preserver God, maintains and protects the universe and is often depicted with incarnations, known as avatars, such as Krishna.

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Ganesha

The elephant-headed god of wisdom, remover of obstacles, and patron of new beginnings.

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Enlightenment

The experience of true reality, an awakening that allows one to comprehend the true nature of things.

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Amica (Impermanence)

The belief that nothing is permanent, everything is constantly changing.

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Five Precepts

The Five Precepts are guidelines for Buddhists to follow, promoting ethical behavior.

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Bodhisattva

A being who has attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in the cycle of existence to help others reach liberation.

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Mahayana

The 'Greater Vehicle' of Buddhism, emphasizing the Bodhisattva path for seeking salvation through trusting in a Bodhisattva.

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Tripitaka

The main written source of Buddha's wisdom, containing the three baskets: the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Jakarta Pitaka.

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Four Sights

The four sights Siddhartha witnessed that led him to realize the reality of life and suffering: old age, sickness, death, and asceticism.

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Resurrection of Jesus

The belief that Jesus was resurrected on the Third Day, which led to the foundation of the Christian Church.

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Lent

A period of forty days before Easter, observed by Christians with fasting, prayer, and reflection.

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Gospel of Mark

The first Gospel written, authored by Mark.

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Nicene Creed

The core beliefs of Christianity, summarized in a formal statement.

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Great Schism

The split between the Eastern and Western branches of Christianity in 1054, stemming from differing interpretations of authority and beliefs.

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Protestant Reformation

A major event in Christian history, where Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church's practices, leading to the rise of Protestantism.

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Allah

The supreme and only deity in Islam, the Arabic word for 'God'.

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Muslim

A person who follows the religion of Islam, named after the Arabic word 'Islam' meaning 'submission'.

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Hijrah

The migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Yathrib (later renamed Medina) in 622 CE. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

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Mecca

The holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia. It is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the site of the Kaaba, a cube-shaped building considered the most sacred place in Islam.

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Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca that every physically and financially able Muslim must undertake at least once in their lifetime. It involves a series of rituals and rites performed at specific locations in Mecca and its surrounding areas.

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Jihad

A concept in Islam that refers both to the inner struggle to obey Allah and the external struggle against injustice and oppression. It is part of the Muslim's commitment to live a righteous life and defend the faith.

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Shi’ahs

The followers of Islam who believe that Ali, the Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law, was the rightful successor after his death. They believe in a line of Imams who guide the community.

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Shabbat

A weekly observance based on the creation story in Genesis, a time for rest and rejuvenation, starting at sundown on Friday and ending at sundown on Saturday.

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Passover

A Jewish festival celebrating liberation from slavery in Egypt, marked by the avoidance of leavened bread. It recalls the hasty exodus, commemorating the death of Egyptian firstborn sons.

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Yom Kippur

The holiest day in Judaism, observed with a 25-hour fast and prayer for atonement. It's a time for introspection and seeking forgiveness.

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Conservative Judaism

A branch of Judaism that holds a middle ground between Orthodox and Reform Judaism. It recognizes both the divine and human elements in revelation, adhering to traditional practices while allowing for interpretation and adaptation.

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Prophets

A person who receives and communicates divine messages, often called upon to speak truth to power and challenge injustices.

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Abraham

The founder of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - considered the father of these faiths, with a long history of stories surrounding his life and teachings.

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King David

The second king of Israel, renowned for unifying the tribes and establishing Jerusalem as the nation's capital. He is remembered for his strength and wisdom.

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Solomon’s Temple

The temple built by King Solomon, son of David, dedicated to God. A significant place of worship destroyed by the Romans, never to be rebuilt in its original form.

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Covenant

A solemn and binding agreement between two parties, usually God and the Israelites.

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Torah

The five books of the law in the Hebrew Scriptures.

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Synagogue

A meeting place and communal space for Jewish worship and study.

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Exodus

The liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt under the leadership of Moses.

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Israelites

God's chosen people.

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Rabbi

A Jewish teacher, often a religious leader.

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Messiah

The promised ruler sent by God to bring harmony and peace to the world. The Jews view this as a period of "divine kingship."

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Study Notes

Hinduism Terms

  • Moksha: Leading the soul to salvation through honest and moral actions.
  • Dharma: Moral and religious duty, essential for individual, family, and societal well-being.
  • Atman: Eternal and immortal soul, identical to Brahman.
  • Brahman: Supreme Being, formless and without qualities, the soul of the universe, source of all things, and everything and everywhere. It is divine, unlimited, and indescribable.
  • Brahma: Creator God, responsible for the creation of the universe and all living things.
  • Shiva: Destroyer God, responsible for the destruction of the universe.
  • Vishnu: Preserver God, maintains and protects the universe, often depicted with incarnations (avatars) like Krishna.
  • Ganesha: Elephant-headed god of wisdom, remover of obstacles, and patron of new beginnings.

Buddhism Terms

  • Siddhartha Gautama: Born a Hindu in 563 BCE, later became the Buddha.
  • Buddha: Awakened one, founder of Buddhism, the path to enlightenment and liberation from suffering.
  • Enlightenment: Experience of true reality, an awakening leading to comprehending the true nature of things.
  • Dalai Lama: Spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan Buddhist clergy.
  • Bodhisattva: Being who attained enlightenment but chooses to remain in the cycle of samsara to help others achieve liberation.
  • Mahayana: "Greater Vehicle," emphasizing the Bodhisattva path, belief in a divine Buddha, and found in areas like Vietnam, Korea, and Japan.
  • Tripitaka: Main written source of Buddhist wisdom, consists of three baskets.
  • Vinaya Pitaka: Basket of Discipline
  • Sutta Pitaka: Basket of Discourse
  • Abhidhamma Pitaka: Basket of Further Discourses

Dharma - Teachings of the Buddha

  • Three Marks of Existence:
    • Amica (Impermanence): Constant change, nothing stays the same.
    • Annata (No permanent self): No fixed self, constant change in looks and personality.
    • Dukkha (Suffering): Inherent suffering in all life, from birth to death including illnesses and short-lived pleasures.
  • Four Noble Truths:
    • All life involves suffering.
    • Suffering arises from craving.
    • Suffering ceases when craving ceases.
    • The Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of suffering.
  • Eightfold Path: Path to the cessation of suffering.
  • Precepts: Guidelines that Buddhists follow, including avoiding killing, stealing, and harmful sexual activity.
  • Five Precepts: Guidelines for people to follow to avoid taking life, taking what is not given, harmful sexual activity, and clouding the mind with drugs/alcohol.
  • Four Sights: Reality of life that Siddhartha witnessed: old age, sickness, death and an ascetic.

Judaism Terms

  • Abraham: Patriarch of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim people.
  • Covenant: Agreement between God and Abraham; descendants to be his people and inherit the land of Canaan.
  • Messiah: Ruler who will bring peace and harmony a period of "divine kingship".
  • Synagogue: Meeting place and place of worship.
  • Tanakh: Hebrew scriptures.
  • Exodus: Liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt under Moses.
  • Rabbi: Jewish teacher.
  • Shema: Jewish creed of faith: “Hear, O Israel, The Lord is our God, the Lord is one."
  • Torah: The Law, contains five books of the law, essential to Jewish worship, kept in place of honor in the synagogue.
  • Israel: Meaning "God preserves".
  • Covenant (with Abraham): Protecting and making Abraham father of many nations if they worship God.
  • Covenant (with Moses): Providing Hebrews with rules to live by through The Ten Commandments.
  • Shabbat: Religious practice and festival, time to put aside work and spend time with family.
  • Passover: Celebrates God freeing the Jews from slavery in Egypt, with Jews not eating leavened bread during the week and abstaining from the first-born males.
  • Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur): Solemn religious day, marked with a twenty-five-hour fast and prayers of repentance that suspends regular activities for the day.
  • Conservative Judaism: Middle ground between Orthodox and Reform Judaism, recognizes the human element in revelation that God revealed the Torah.

Christianity Terms

  • Nicene Creed: Established divinity of Jesus Christ and doctrine of the Trinity.
  • Christian Easter: Celebration of Jesus' resurrection.
  • Protestant Reformation: Reformation occurred with German monk, Martin Luther, who challenged many Catholic practices.
  • Gospels: Four books (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) that tell the story of Jesus.
  • Eastern Schism: Division within Christianity, with the Pope and Patriarch excommunicating each other, the Pope adding the word "and the sun" to the Nicene Creed.
  • Constantine: Emperor of Rome who affirmed the divinity of Jesus, the doctrine of the Trinity, and the development of Christianity.

Islam Terms

  • Allah: Supreme and only deity in Islam.
  • Muslim: Follower of Islam.
  • Arabic: Spoken and written language of the Qur'an.
  • Mosque: Place of worship for Muslims.
  • Ka'bah: Cube-shaped building where Abraham built God and filled with idols.
  • Shahada: Muslim creed: "There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God."
  • Qur'an: Holiest book in Islam, revelations given to Muhammad.
  • Ramadan: Month of fasting, prayer, and reflection.
  • Hijrah: Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina.
  • Mecca: Most holy city in Islam, birthplace of Muhammad.
  • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca.
  • Muhammad: Prophet of Islam.
  • Sunnis: Believe in the Prophet's example and consensus
  • Shi'ahs: Believe prophet chose son-in-law Ali as his successor.

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Hinduism and Buddhism Terms PDF

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Test your knowledge on key concepts in Hinduism and Buddhism with this comprehensive quiz. Explore essential terms such as Dharma, Brahman, and the significance of Vedas. Additionally, learn about the Buddha's teachings and the concepts central to Buddhism.

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