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Questions and Answers
What is a crucial factor in determining highway alignment?
What is a crucial factor in determining highway alignment?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for efficient highway alignment?
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for efficient highway alignment?
In highway engineering, what does the term 'alignment' refer to?
In highway engineering, what does the term 'alignment' refer to?
What aspect of highway alignment enhances driving comfort?
What aspect of highway alignment enhances driving comfort?
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Which road classification directly links cities with populations of at least 100,000 in the Philippines?
Which road classification directly links cities with populations of at least 100,000 in the Philippines?
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To what extent should the distance be between the starting and ending points in highway construction?
To what extent should the distance be between the starting and ending points in highway construction?
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Which factor is primarily considered for ease during the operation of vehicles on a highway?
Which factor is primarily considered for ease during the operation of vehicles on a highway?
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What is the impact of road classification on social development?
What is the impact of road classification on social development?
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What is the primary function of highway alignment?
What is the primary function of highway alignment?
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Which of the following is a requirement of highway alignment?
Which of the following is a requirement of highway alignment?
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In what context are national secondary roads utilized?
In what context are national secondary roads utilized?
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What is the main function of national tertiary roads?
What is the main function of national tertiary roads?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of barangay roads?
Which of the following is NOT a function of barangay roads?
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What is a key focus during the selection of highway alignment?
What is a key focus during the selection of highway alignment?
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How do national secondary roads support economic development?
How do national secondary roads support economic development?
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Which statement about highway functions is accurate?
Which statement about highway functions is accurate?
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What is the primary function of state highways?
What is the primary function of state highways?
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Which survey is focused on understanding the broader effects of road infrastructure on communities?
Which survey is focused on understanding the broader effects of road infrastructure on communities?
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What distinguishes country roads from state highways?
What distinguishes country roads from state highways?
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The primary aim of the Infrastructure Quality Survey is to:
The primary aim of the Infrastructure Quality Survey is to:
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What is a key characteristic of local roads?
What is a key characteristic of local roads?
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Which type of survey is critical for maintaining road quality?
Which type of survey is critical for maintaining road quality?
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How do Road Network Surveys contribute to road safety?
How do Road Network Surveys contribute to road safety?
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What can be inferred about unpaved country roads?
What can be inferred about unpaved country roads?
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What is the definition of design speed in the context of road design?
What is the definition of design speed in the context of road design?
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Which factor does NOT affect the design speed of a highway?
Which factor does NOT affect the design speed of a highway?
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What defines a freeway?
What defines a freeway?
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What is one of the primary functions of an arterial road?
What is one of the primary functions of an arterial road?
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Which statement about road shoulders is correct?
Which statement about road shoulders is correct?
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What is a primary reason for creating fills in road design?
What is a primary reason for creating fills in road design?
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What role does the road shoulder serve for disabled vehicles?
What role does the road shoulder serve for disabled vehicles?
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Which of the following is NOT true about design speeds for highways?
Which of the following is NOT true about design speeds for highways?
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What is the purpose of a median on multi-lane highways?
What is the purpose of a median on multi-lane highways?
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Which type of road requires a median?
Which type of road requires a median?
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What influences the type and extent of median separation?
What influences the type and extent of median separation?
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What is the minimum recommended median width on freeways?
What is the minimum recommended median width on freeways?
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What is a transversable median designed to do?
What is a transversable median designed to do?
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Which of the following describes a type of transversable median?
Which of the following describes a type of transversable median?
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What is the maximum width recommended for rural land service highways?
What is the maximum width recommended for rural land service highways?
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What is NOT a type of median opening?
What is NOT a type of median opening?
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Study Notes
Highway Alignment
- Highway alignment refers to the location of the highway's center line on the earth.
- Highway alignment projections in two planes are referred to as horizontal alignment and vertical alignment, respectively, when they are in the horizontal or vertical directions.
- Key Requirements for Highway Alignment:
- Safe
- Economical
- Short
- Easy
- Comfort
Different Road Classifications in the Philippines
-
National Primary Roads
- Directly link major cities with a population of at least 100,000 people.
- Functions:
- Connect major cities and urban centers.
- Facilitate long-distance travel.
- Support national economic development.
-
National Secondary Roads
- Connect cities to national primary roads, major ports, airports, and tourist service centers.
- Functions:
- Support intercity and interregional connectivity.
- Enhance access to national infrastructure.
- Facilitate the movement of goods and people across the region.
-
National Tertiary Roads
- Encompass local roads under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).
- Functions:
- Connect rural communities and villages.
- Support local transportation needs.
- Facilitate access to community services.
-
Barangay Roads
- Refer to local roads within barangays, providing essential connectivity within communities.
- Functions:
- Connect barangays to municipal and city centers.
- Provide access to rural communities.
- Support local transportation needs.
- Facilitate access to community services.
-
State Highway
- Connect the capital city of a state with its district headquarters, major towns, and other highways.
- Functions:
- Basic road to access from one property to another.
-
Country Road
- Usually unpaved rural road off the main highway.
- Functions:
- Offer better transportation facilities.
-
Local Road
- Dedicated to public use for traveling.
- Functions:
- Provide a high level of safety and access to neighborhood services and facilities.
Surveys of Different Types of Roads in the Philippines
-
Road Network Surveys:
- Assess and manage the road infrastructure.
- Provide valuable insights into the structure, connectivity, and functionality of the road network.
- Assess and manage the road infrastructure.
-
Economic and Social Impact Survey:
- Assess the broader effects of road infrastructure on communities and economies.
- Crucial for understanding how road projects influence local development, property values, social interactions, and overall quality of life.
-
Infrastructure Quality Survey:
- Evaluate the condition and performance of infrastructure assets, including roads, bridges, tunnels, and other structures.
- Essential for ensuring that infrastructure meets safety standards, performs effectively, and requires appropriate maintenance or upgrades.
-
Road Condition Survey:
- Maintain and improve the quality of road infrastructure.
Design Speed
- The target speed at which drivers are intended to travel on a street, and not the maximum operating speed.
- According to AASHO, design speed is "the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a specified section of highway when conditions are so favorable that the design features of the highway govern.”
- Factors affecting design speed:
- Type of road.
- Topography of the road.
- Type of intensity of traffic.
- General design speed is chosen by administrative decision.
Road Shoulder
- Portion of the roadway between the edge of the traffic lane and the edge of the ditch, gutters, curb, or side slope.
- AASHTO requires its usable pavement width to be strong enough to support a vehicle.
- Importance of Road Shoulders:
- Serves as a place for vehicles to stop when disabled or for other purposes.
- Provides a continuous area along the full length of the roadway.
- Adds structural strength to the road pavement.
Highway Median
-
Separates lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions.
-
Can be depressed, raised, or flush with the road surface.
-
Required on:
- Freeways.
- Any street or highway, rural or urban, with 4 or more travel lanes and a design speed of 40 mph or higher.
-
The type and extent of median separation depend on:
- Design speed.
- Traffic volume.
- Adjacent land use.
- Frequency of access.
Type of Road Median
-
Transversable Medians:
- Designed to allow vehicles to easily enter or cross over it.
- Examples:
- Raised Median.
- Flushed Median.
- Depressed Median.
-
Median Openings:
- No median opening.
- Median crossover without a left turn bay.
- Median crossover with a left turn bay.
- Directional median opening crossover.
- Two-way left turn lane.
Median Width
-
General range of median widths is from a minimum of 6 ft to a desirable dimension of 84 ft or more on freeways and rural areas.
-
Urban Land Service Highways
- 32 feet wide to accommodate future widening (12-foot lane, 3-foot shoulder in each direction, 2-foot median concrete barrier curb).
- 16 feet wide where no future widening is anticipated.
-
Rural Land Service Highways
- 46 feet wide for future 12-foot lane and 5-foot shoulder in each direction with a 12-foot grass median.
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Description
Explore the concepts of highway alignment, including horizontal and vertical alignments, and the key requirements for effective highway design. Additionally, learn about different road classifications in the Philippines, emphasizing their functions and significance in national connectivity.
