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Questions and Answers
Which communication method was NOT mentioned as a means to connect terminals to a host?
Which communication method was NOT mentioned as a means to connect terminals to a host?
- Packet networking
- Fiber optic connections (correct)
- Serial link local communications
- Modem connections over telephone lines
Ethernet and token ring were early LAN technologies that utilized a shared medium for communication.
Ethernet and token ring were early LAN technologies that utilized a shared medium for communication.
True (A)
What primary protocol environment was used for early packet routers?
What primary protocol environment was used for early packet routers?
Store-and-forward
In the 1980s, the transition from ARPANET to the ____ marked a significant jump in networking.
In the 1980s, the transition from ARPANET to the ____ marked a significant jump in networking.
Match the following communication methods with their descriptions:
Match the following communication methods with their descriptions:
What medium was predominantly used for transmission during the evolution of voice networks in the 1980s?
What medium was predominantly used for transmission during the evolution of voice networks in the 1980s?
Packet networking began with commercial applications.
Packet networking began with commercial applications.
What type of communication methods remained distinct during the networking evolution in the 1980s?
What type of communication methods remained distinct during the networking evolution in the 1980s?
What can hop-by-hop duplication of functions result in?
What can hop-by-hop duplication of functions result in?
The end-to-end performance enhancement argument supports duplicating functions redundantly throughout the network.
The end-to-end performance enhancement argument supports duplicating functions redundantly throughout the network.
What is one of the key design decisions of ARPANET?
What is one of the key design decisions of ARPANET?
The __________ in end-to-end communication has been moving to the edges of the network.
The __________ in end-to-end communication has been moving to the edges of the network.
Match the conjectures with their descriptions:
Match the conjectures with their descriptions:
Which statement reflects a challenge still faced in high-speed networking?
Which statement reflects a challenge still faced in high-speed networking?
Replacing an existing transport protocol will automatically solve the high-speed networking problem.
Replacing an existing transport protocol will automatically solve the high-speed networking problem.
What key challenge was recognized as network bandwidth increased?
What key challenge was recognized as network bandwidth increased?
What reduced the motivation for the adoption of ATM using scalable SONET links?
What reduced the motivation for the adoption of ATM using scalable SONET links?
The research community shifted their focus from connection-oriented to connectionless datagram forwarding due to decreasing processing costs.
The research community shifted their focus from connection-oriented to connectionless datagram forwarding due to decreasing processing costs.
What does the RESOURCE TRADEOFF PRINCIPLE state regarding networks?
What does the RESOURCE TRADEOFF PRINCIPLE state regarding networks?
The full ATM layer 3 infrastructure became unnecessary, leading to the deployment of IP over _____ links.
The full ATM layer 3 infrastructure became unnecessary, leading to the deployment of IP over _____ links.
Match the following technologies with their descriptions:
Match the following technologies with their descriptions:
What is primarily handled by the input processor in fast packet switching?
What is primarily handled by the input processor in fast packet switching?
The output processing in packet switching is straightforward and does not require complex scheduling.
The output processing in packet switching is straightforward and does not require complex scheduling.
What type of controllers are mentioned as being used for the input processor?
What type of controllers are mentioned as being used for the input processor?
The use of __________ for input and output processing opens the door to active and programmable networks.
The use of __________ for input and output processing opens the door to active and programmable networks.
Match the following components with their respective functions:
Match the following components with their respective functions:
Which technology is highlighted for its significant advances in the late third generation of networking?
Which technology is highlighted for its significant advances in the late third generation of networking?
Early fourth generation networking successfully integrated optical logic and control circuits.
Early fourth generation networking successfully integrated optical logic and control circuits.
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of the third generation of the Internet?
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of the third generation of the Internet?
The transition from BBSs to ISPs marked the beginning of the third generation of the Internet.
The transition from BBSs to ISPs marked the beginning of the third generation of the Internet.
What does QOS stand for in the context of networking?
What does QOS stand for in the context of networking?
What does HTTP stand for?
What does HTTP stand for?
The rate of adoption of Internet connections was significantly higher than the rate of new ______ connections.
The rate of adoption of Internet connections was significantly higher than the rate of new ______ connections.
What was one major advancement in networking research during the third generation?
What was one major advancement in networking research during the third generation?
By the end of the second generation, the Internet was becoming less in demand.
By the end of the second generation, the Internet was becoming less in demand.
What technology became practical in the late 1990s for IP routers?
What technology became practical in the late 1990s for IP routers?
Match the following technologies with their corresponding roles:
Match the following technologies with their corresponding roles:
What is the focus of the paper 'Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer Networks'?
What is the focus of the paper 'Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer Networks'?
The report of the ARPA/NSF Workshop on Research in Gigabit Networking was published in 1994.
The report of the ARPA/NSF Workshop on Research in Gigabit Networking was published in 1994.
Who were the authors of 'A 50-Gb/s IP Router'?
Who were the authors of 'A 50-Gb/s IP Router'?
The paper 'Optical Burst Switching – A New Paradigm for an __________ Internet' discusses advanced optical communication technologies.
The paper 'Optical Burst Switching – A New Paradigm for an __________ Internet' discusses advanced optical communication technologies.
Which of the following publications deals with end-to-end arguments in system design?
Which of the following publications deals with end-to-end arguments in system design?
The paper titled 'Axon Network Virtual Storage for High Performance Distributed Applications' was published in 1990.
The paper titled 'Axon Network Virtual Storage for High Performance Distributed Applications' was published in 1990.
Match the following authors with their respective works:
Match the following authors with their respective works:
In 1981, J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed, and D.D. Clark presented their work at the Second International Conference on __________ Computing Systems.
In 1981, J.H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed, and D.D. Clark presented their work at the Second International Conference on __________ Computing Systems.
Flashcards
Data communications
Data communications
Early method for connecting terminals to a host using serial links or modems over copper wire.
Packet networking
Packet networking
Early networks like ARPANET that use packets of data instead of continuous streams.
Ethernet and token ring
Ethernet and token ring
Early LAN technologies using a shared medium for communication among multiple end systems.
Store-and-forward router
Store-and-forward router
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First generation networking
First generation networking
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Second generation networking
Second generation networking
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Digital PBXs
Digital PBXs
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Categorized Networks
Categorized Networks
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End-to-End Performance Corollary
End-to-End Performance Corollary
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Network Function Redundancy
Network Function Redundancy
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Hop-by-hop Error Control
Hop-by-hop Error Control
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Bottleneck Shift
Bottleneck Shift
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Protocol Bottleneck
Protocol Bottleneck
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Transport Protocol Limitation
Transport Protocol Limitation
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New Protocol Fallacy
New Protocol Fallacy
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Hardware Implementation Fallacy
Hardware Implementation Fallacy
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FTAM (File Transfer, Access, and Management)
FTAM (File Transfer, Access, and Management)
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VT (Virtual Terminal)
VT (Virtual Terminal)
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Resource Tradeoff Principle
Resource Tradeoff Principle
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Connectionless Datagram Forwarding
Connectionless Datagram Forwarding
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POS (Packets over SONET)
POS (Packets over SONET)
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3rd gen internet access
3rd gen internet access
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World Wide Web
World Wide Web
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Web as killer app
Web as killer app
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Networking research shift
Networking research shift
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IP switches
IP switches
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Optimized IP router
Optimized IP router
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Network interface offloading
Network interface offloading
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Optical networking
Optical networking
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Study Notes
Protocols for High-Speed Networks: A Brief Retrospective Survey
- High-speed networking is difficult to define due to constantly evolving technology and applications.
- Axioms guiding high-speed network research and design are presented:
- Know the past, present, and future; application primacy; high performance paths; limiting constraints; systemic optimization.
- Network generations framework is presented as a basis for historical development:
- 1st: Emergence (voice, entertainment, data networking)
- 2nd: Internet (consumer access, corporate networks, growth in data networking)
- 3rd: Convergence and the Web (Integration of data, voice, and entertainment, rise of the internet and web)
- 4th: Future (ubiquitous computing, wireless, high-speed optical networks)
Axioms for High-Speed Networking Research
- Application primacy: High-speed networks exist to support distributed applications effectively.
- High-performance paths: Networks must provide low-latency and high-bandwidth paths between applications for optimal performance.
- Limiting constraints: real-world limitations (speed of light, channel capacity, switching rate, costs) affect high-performance paths.
- Systemic optimization: Networks are systems of systems requiring complex optimization; each part of the network needs to be optimized together.
Systemic Optimization Principles
- Selective optimization: Optimize the most crucial parts of the network.
- Resource tradeoffs: Balancing resources (cost, performance) for optimal network function.
- End-to-end arguments: Certain functions should be implemented at the application level rather than within the network to enhance performance and efficiency.
- Protocol layering: Layering protocols is useful but not always efficient for implementing high-performance functionalities.
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Description
This quiz explores the evolution and research axioms of high-speed networking. It covers the historical framework of network generations, from voice and data networking to the future of ubiquitous computing. Test your knowledge on the principles that guide high-speed network design and application support.
