High Speed Network
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Questions and Answers

What does ATM stand for?

  • Automatic Teller Machine
  • Advanced Technological Machinery
  • American Telecommunication Method
  • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (correct)

    • How many bytes is an ATM cell composed of?

    53 bytes

    Fiber Optic technology is slower than traditional cables.

    False

    Match the Ethernet standards with their corresponding speeds:

    <p>Fast Ethernet = 100 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet = 1 Gbps 10 Gigabit Ethernet = 10 Gbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DECnet is a set of networking hardware and software products that make use of the _____ Networking Architecture.

    <p>DIGITAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main topic discussed in the content?

    <p>Video conferencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of Non-Real-time Multimedia Applications? (Select all that apply)

    <p>VOD (Video on Demand)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is widely used for delivering __________ over IP networks.

    <p>audio and video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Switched Multi-megabit Data Services (SMDS) has been largely replaced by modern technologies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following communication protocols with their descriptions:

    <p>H.320 = Standardization of multimedia communication services over ISDN and switched digital circuits X.400 = Suite of standards for email systems facilitating message exchange MIME = Standard for email communication with various content types T.120 = Set of recommendations for real-time data communication and conferencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages of 100Base-T in terms of compatibility and reliability?

    <p>Compatibility and reliability are the advantages of 100Base-T.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cables are more resistant to electromagnetic interference in 100Base-T networks?

    <p>Twisted pair cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is 100Base-T commonly used for internet connectivity?

    <p>Businesses, schools, and organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Audio Conferencing allows multiple participants in different locations to hold a live conversation via audio links.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Video conferencing allows people to conduct face-to-face meetings over the ________.

    <p>internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    High-Speed Networks

    • High-speed networks enable fast data transfer, improved application performance, and increased network efficiency.
    • Types of high-speed LAN technologies:
      • Ethernet: reliable, widely used, and supports speeds up to 10 Gbps.
      • Fiber Optics: faster, with speeds up to 100 Gbps or more, and ideal for handling large amounts of data over long distances.
      • Wireless LANs (WLANs): convenient, with speeds up to 9.6 Gbps, and suitable for internet access.

    ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

    • A telecommunication standard for digital transformation of multiple types of traffic.
    • Creates a fixed route between two points before data transfer begins.
    • Independent of transmission medium, with data transmitted in fixed-size units called cells (53 bytes long, with 5 bytes header and 48 bytes payload).
    • Two format types: UNI Header (used within private networks) and NNI Header (used for communication between ATM switches).

    SNA (System Network Architecture)

    • A data communication architecture developed by IBM in 1974.
    • Enables communication between mainframe computers and peripheral devices.
    • Relies heavily on IBM hardware and software, making it less compatible with other systems.
    • Features:
      • Reliability: robust and reliable communication system.
      • Security: built-in security features protect data transmission.
      • Standardization: simplified communication between various IBM products.

    DECnet (Digital Equipment Corporation Network)

    • A set of networking hardware and software products developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).
    • Makes use of the DIGITAL Networking Architecture (DNA).
    • Supports DECnet routing over various protocols, including Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI.
    • Has gone through several phases, incorporating new features and improving performance.

    FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)

    • A network standard that uses fiber optic connections in a local area network (LAN).
    • Supports thousands of users and can extend up to 200 kilometers.
    • Features:
      • Operates over long distances up to 200 kilometers.
      • Can guarantee timings.
      • Has high data rates of 100 Mbps.
    • Disadvantages:
      • Older protocol.
      • Expensive equipment.

    SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)

    • A standardized protocol for transmitting large data volumes over optical fiber.
    • Ensures accurate and efficient data transmission across the network.
    • Features:
      • Transmits data over long distances.
      • Has low electromagnetic interference.
      • Supports high data rates.
      • Has large bandwidth.

    100BASE-T

    • A fast Ethernet networking technology that transfers data at 100 Mbps.
    • Uses Category 5 (Cat5) or greater cabling to operate over twisted pair connections.
    • Advantages:
      • Higher speed: faster than 10 Mbps Ethernet.
      • Cost-effective: less expensive than Gigabit Ethernet.
      • Compatibility: compatible with current Ethernet infrastructure.
      • Reliability: more resistant to electromagnetic interference.

    Multimedia Applications

    • Multimedia combines text, graphics, audio, and video to present information in an interactive manner.
    • Key elements:
      • Text: alphanumeric characters, fonts, and background colors.
      • Audio: digital audio, with file types including MP3, WAV, and WMA.
      • Graphics: images, illustrations, and pictures, with file types including JPG, PNG, and TIF.
      • Video: moving pictures, with file types including AVI, WMV, and FLV.
      • Animation: 2D and 3D animations, with file types including GIF and FLV.
    • Standalone multimedia applications:
      • Presentation software (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Keynote).
      • Photo editing software (e.g., Adobe Photoshop, GIMP).
      • Video editing software (e.g., Adobe Premiere Pro, KineMaster).
      • Animation software (e.g., Adobe Animate, Blender).
    • Single-user networked applications:
      • Online gaming platforms (e.g., Steam, Xbox Live, PlayStation Network).
      • Virtual reality environments (e.g., Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, PlayStation VR).
      • Multimedia-rich educational platforms (e.g., Khan Academy, Coursera).
      • Cloud-based multimedia storage and editing platforms (e.g., Google Drive, Adobe Creative Cloud).### Multimedia Networking
    • Multimedia networking applications redefine how we experience multimedia, providing personalized, interactive, and collaborative experiences across various platforms.
    • Advanced technologies and protocols enable seamless communication and content delivery, promising boundless opportunities for innovation and connectivity in the digital age.

    Audio Conferencing

    • Audio conferencing is a communication method that allows multiple participants in different locations to hold a live conversation via audio links.
    • It is essential for modern organizations, enhancing communication by enabling clear, direct conversations among team members, clients, and stakeholders regardless of location.
    • Features of audio conferencing include multi-participant capability, high audio quality, call recording, ease of use, mute and unmute, accessibility, noise cancellation, and efficient collaboration.

    Video Conferencing

    • Video conferencing allows people to conduct face-to-face meetings over the internet, regardless of their physical location.
    • It breaks down geographical barriers, enables teams to collaborate seamlessly, reduces travel costs and time associated with traditional meetings, and enables seamless communication across various sectors.
    • Features of video conferencing include high-quality video and audio transmission, customization options, ease of use, screen sharing, chat functionality, recording capabilities, participant management tools, and security and privacy measures.

    Protocols

    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol) prioritizes speed for real-time applications like video conferencing.
    • RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol) is used for real-time streaming of audio, video, and data.
    • HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) adapts video quality to varying network conditions for smooth playback.

    Multimedia Streaming

    • Types of streaming include non-real-time multimedia applications, such as VOD (Video on Demand), podcasting, photo and video processing software, and e-learning platforms.
    • Streaming works by dividing the video into small chunks, transmitting them over the internet, and reassembling them at the receiver's end.
    • Challenges in streaming include network congestion, packet loss, and latency.

    Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

    • RTP is a network protocol used for delivering audio and video over IP networks.
    • It is widely used in communication and entertainment systems that involve streaming media, such as telephony, video teleconference applications, and web-based push-to-talk features.
    • Components of RTP include packetization, sequencing, timestamping, payload type identification, quality of service monitoring, source identification, and support for multicast and extensibility.

    Switched Multi-megabit Data Services (SMDS)

    • SMDS is a high-speed, reliable, and scalable network solution for large organizations.
    • Key features of SMDS include efficiency, flexibility, and scalability.
    • Applications of SMDS include corporate WANs, internet service providers, and educational institutions.
    • Despite its advantages, SMDS has been largely replaced by more modern technologies.

    H.320

    • H.320 is an umbrella recommendation by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) for the standardization of multimedia communication services over ISDN and other switched digital circuits.
    • Key features of H.320 include video compression, audio compression, multiplexing, control protocols, network error correction, and support for telemedicine, distance learning, and corporate communications.

    X.400

    • X.400 is a suite of standards specified by the ITU-T for electronic messaging (email) systems.
    • Key features of X.400 include message handling system (MHS), addressing, message format, interoperability, and security.
    • Applications of X.400 include enterprise email, government communications, and military and defense communications.

    Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

    • MIME is a standard for formatting non-text messages, allowing email systems to exchange multimedia content.
    • Key components of MIME include content type, content transfer encoding, and content disposition.
    • MIME enables the inclusion of a wide range of content types and enhances the functionality and versatility of emails.

    T.120

    • T.120 is a set of ITU-T recommendations that define protocols and services for real-time, multipoint data communication and conferencing.
    • Key features of T.120 include multimedia integration, real-time data sharing, scalability, and interoperability.
    • Applications of T.120 include collaborative work, remote support, distance learning, and telemedicine.

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    Description

    A quiz on high speed network technologies including ATM, SNA, LAN, DECnet, FDDI, SONET, and 100BASE-T.

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