High-Frequency Transformers and Outputs
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of +12V output voltage?

  • Supplying cooling fans and disk drives (correct)
  • Powering floppy disk controllers
  • Powering processors
  • Providing reference point for ground

    • -5V output is commonly used in modern systems.

    False

    What does the zero-volt ground refer to?

    Common or earth

    The _____ is a 4-pin power connector that supplies power to the processor.

    <p>ATX 12V (P4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following output voltages with their typical use:

    <p>-12V = Older serial port amplifier circuits +3.3V = Power for processors and some memory +5V = Powering motherboards -5V = Floppy disk controllers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color wire corresponds to the +5V standby voltage?

    <p>Purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ATX 20-pin connector can be split into a 20-pin connector and a 4-pin connector.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color wire indicates a ground connection in a PSU?

    <p>Black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In older types of serial port amplifier circuits, the output voltage used is _____

    <p>-12V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of power connector is used for IDE disk drives and CD-ROM/DVD drives?

    <p>Molex Connector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Floppy disk drives are powered by a Mini-Molex connector.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a SATA connector?

    <p>To supply power to SATA hard drives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ memory is lost when the computer power is off.

    <p>volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following connectors to their primary usage:

    <p>Molex = IDE disk drives and CD-ROM/DVD drives Mini-Molex = Floppy disk drives SATA = SATA hard drives PCI Express = Graphics cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a secondary storage device?

    <p>Keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-volatile memory is lost when power is removed from the computer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of an input device.

    <p>Keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of an output device is a _____

    <p>printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

    <p>Volatile memory is faster than non-volatile memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a Power Supply Unit (PSU)?

    <p>Converts AC power to DC power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The motherboard is often referred to as the brain of the computer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is RAM classified as?

    <p>Volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ________ is used to store data permanently and is typically nonvolatile.

    <p>ROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'CS' setting indicate in hard disk drives?

    <p>Uses a special cable to set drives automatically based on their position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following memory/storage types with their characteristics:

    <p>RAM = Volatile memory that loses data when off ROM = Nonvolatile memory for permanent data storage Firmware = Nonvolatile and read-only memory Flash Memory = Nonvolatile memory retaining data when power is off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The data bus is responsible for transferring information about where data should go in memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the processor (CPU)?

    <p>Process instructions from software to hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a PC Card slide in a computer?

    <p>To add extra functions or connect to peripherals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A wider bus, such as a __________ bus, can transfer more data at a time.

    <p>64-bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flash memory cards and USB drives are examples of volatile memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of buses with their descriptions:

    <p>ISA Bus = Old and slow, used for devices like mice PCI Bus = Faster than ISA, used for sound cards PCI Express (PCIe) Bus = Used for modern video cards AGP Bus = Designed for fast 3D graphics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HDD stand for?

    <p>Hard Disk Drive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The system unit has two types of memory: ________ and nonvolatile.

    <p>volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding CMOS?

    <p>It uses battery power to retain data when powered off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component connects the CPU, PCI slot, and RAM together?

    <p>Northbridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CMOS Battery keeps the real-time clock running even when the computer is powered off.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of PCI Express x16 slots?

    <p>To accommodate high-end graphics cards and high bandwidth devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ connects old HDDs and optical drives for data transfer.

    <p>IDE Connector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following connectors to their descriptions:

    <p>SATA connectors = Connects to newer HDDs and optical drives Front Panel Connectors = Connects to power, reset switches, and LEDs Fan Headers = Serves as the cooling system ATX 12V Power Connector = Supplies power to the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which slot is specifically designed for modern expansion cards?

    <p>PCI Express x1 slots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The back panel connector is used solely for internal device connections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Southbridge component allow the CPU to connect with?

    <p>PCI's, SATA, USB, Ethernet, and onboard audio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ slot is used for older expansion cards like sound cards and network cards.

    <p>PCI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ATX Power Connector?

    <p>To supply power to the whole motherboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power Supply Unit (PSU) and Outputs

    • High-frequency transformers enable lighter and cheaper DC output.
    • Feedback controllers maintain stable output voltage and current, adjusting power based on load with voltage pulse modulation.
    • Standard output voltages include -12V, -5V, 0V, +3.3V, +5V, and +12V.
    • -12V: Primarily for older serial port amplifier circuits; limited to 1A.
    • -5V: Used in early PCs for floppy disk controllers; not common in newer systems, limited to 1A.
    • 0V: Ground reference point for voltage systems.
    • +3.3V: Powers processors, some memory types, AGP video cards, and digital circuits.
    • +5V: Supplies power to motherboards; includes standby voltage for powering system when off.
    • +12V: Powers devices with motors, such as disk drives and cooling fans.

    Common PSU Connectors

    • P1: ATX 20-pin/24-pin connector for motherboard power; splits into 20-pin and 4-pin in some PSU.
    • Color coding for P1 connector pins:
      • Blue = -12V
      • White = -5V
      • Black = Ground
      • Orange = +3.3V
      • Red = +5V
      • Yellow = +12V
      • Purple = +5V standby
      • Green = DC on
      • Brown = Sense
    • ATX 12V (P4): 4-pin connector supplementing P1 for processor power.
    • MOLEX: 4-pin peripheral connector for IDE drives.
    • BERG (Mini-MOLEX): 4-pin floppy drive power connector, also for AGP video cards.
    • SATA: 15-pin connector for SATA hard drives.
    • PCI Express: 6-pin or 8-pin connectors for PCI Express graphic cards.

    Basic Hardware Components of a Computer System

    • Components: CPU, primary storage, secondary storage, input/output devices, communication devices.
    • Primary Storage (Memory): Temporary data and program storage; includes volatile (RAM) and non-volatile (ROM, flash memory).
    • Secondary Storage: Permanent data storage outside of the computer, e.g., HDD, USB drives, CDs, DVDs.
    • Input Devices: Hardware that inputs data into the computer, e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner.
    • Output Devices: Provides processed information, e.g., printer, monitor, speakers.
    • Communication Devices: Enable data exchange over networks, using various transmission media.

    Parts of a Motherboard

    • Back Panel Connectors and Ports: Connects to external devices (USB, audio, display).
    • Expansion Slots: For older (PCI) and modern (PCI Express) expansion cards.
    • Northbridge: Connects CPU, PCI slot, and RAM (MCH memory controller hub).
    • CPU Socket: Houses the processor.
    • Power Connectors: Include ATX 12V and main ATX connectors; provide power to motherboard components.
    • Storage Connectors: IDE for older drives, SATA for newer drives.
    • Fan Headers: Support system cooling.

    Memory and Storage Sizes

    • Memory types include volatile (e.g., RAM) and non-volatile (ROM, flash memory).
    • Memory Size Units:
      • 1 KB = 1024 Bytes
      • 1 MB = 1024 KB
      • 1 GB = 1024 MB
      • 1 TB = 1024 GB
    • ROM: Permanent storage; typically non-volatile.
    • Firmware: Non-volatile memory, read-only.
    • Flash Memory: Non-volatile; retains data without power.
    • CMOS: Battery-powered to retain data when off.

    Master/Slave Jumper Settings

    • Master: Primary drive on the cable.
    • Slave: Secondary drive on the same cable.
    • Cable Select: Automatically sets drives based on physical position.
    • Limit Capacity: For drives exceeding computer handling capacity.

    Buses and Communication

    • Buses facilitate communication between computer components.
    • Data Bus: Transfers actual data.
    • Address Bus: Carries memory location information for data transfer.
    • Bus Width: Wider buses (e.g., 64-bit) improve data transfer speed.
    • Clock Speed: Higher MHz indicates faster data transmission.
    • System Bus: Connects CPU to main memory.
    • Expansion Bus: Enables communication with peripheral devices.

    Common Expansion Buses

    • ISA Bus: Older, slower bus for devices like mice and modems.
    • PCI Bus: Faster, used for video and sound cards.
    • PCI Express (PCIe) Bus: Modern, fast bus for graphics cards and hard disks.
    • AGP Bus: Designed for high-speed 3D graphics cards.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the functioning of high-frequency transformers, focusing on their output voltages and the importance of feedback controllers for stability. It covers standard output voltages such as -12V, -5V, and others commonly used in various systems. Test your knowledge on the applications and specifications of these transformer outputs.

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